Constructing Pd@Layered-CoO/MFI Bifunctional Catalyst for Efficient Ethyl Acetate Oxidation: Boosted C═O Activation and *O Species Transformation.

Oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs), emitted in large quantities by the chemical industry, are a major contributor to the formation of ozone and subsequent particulate matter. For the efficient catalytic oxidation of OVOCs, the challenges of molecular activation and intermediate inhibition remain. The construction of bifunctional active sites with specific structures offers a promising way to overcome these problems.

An Investigation in the Comparability of the Exposure and Recommended Dose of Selected Pfizer Drugs in East Asian Countries: Is Mutual Usage of Clinical Data Among East Asian Countries Feasible?

The current regulatory path for new drug registration in East Asian countries has led to significant delay of the new medicines in these countries. A unified regulatory path and allowance of mutual usage of clinical data in East Asian countries would lead to cost saving in drug development and expedite the new drug registration in these countries. The objectives of the present analysis are to compare the approval dates of a selection of products developed by Pfizer in the United States and East Asian countries (China, Japan, Korea) and compare the pharmacokinetics and recommended doses of these products in East Asian countries.

Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of efmarodocokin alfa (IL-22Fc).

Efmarodocokin alfa (IL-22Fc) is a fusion protein of human IL-22 linked to the crystallizable fragment (Fc) of human IgG4. It has been tested in multiple indications including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The purposes of the present analyses were to describe the population pharmacokinetics (PK) of efmarodocokin alfa and perform pharmacodynamic (PD) analysis on the longitudinal changes of the PD biomarker REG3A after efmarodocokin alfa treatment as well as identify covariates that affect efmarodocokin alfa PK and REG3A PD.

Assessment of the drug-drug interaction potential for therapeutic proteins with pro-inflammatory activities.

It is well-recognized that therapeutic proteins (TPs) with pro-inflammatory activities elevate the pro-inflammatory cytokines and result in cytokine-drug interactions. In the current review, several pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-2, IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α, as well as an anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, were summarized for their respective effect on major cytochrome P450 enzymes and efflux transporter PgP. Pro-inflammatory cytokines are generally associated with suppression of CYP enzymes across assay systems but have varied effect on Pgp expression levels and activities depending on the individual cytokines and assay systems, whereas IL-10 had no significant impact on CYP enzymes and P-gp.

Rationally Engineering a CuO/Pd@SiO Core-Shell Catalyst with Isolated Bifunctional Pd and Cu Active Sites for -Butylamine Controllable Decomposition.

Volatile organic amines are a category of typical volatile organic compounds (VOCs) extensively presented in industrial exhausts causing serious harm to the atmospheric environment and human health. Monometallic Pd and Cu-based catalysts are commonly adopted for catalytic destruction of hazardous organic amines, but their applications are greatly limited by the inevitable production of toxic amide and NO byproducts and inferior low-temperature activity. Here, a CuO/Pd@SiO core-shell-structured catalyst with diverse functionalized active sites was creatively developed, which realized the total decomposition of -butylamine at 260 °C with a CO yield and N selectivity reaching up to 100% and 98.

Evaluation of pharmacokinetics and safety of talazoparib in patients with advanced cancer and varying degrees of hepatic impairment.

Aim: This phase I study investigated talazoparib pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety in patients with advanced solid tumours and varying degrees of hepatic function.

Methods: Patients with advanced solid tumours and normal hepatic function or varying degrees of hepatic impairment (mild, moderate or severe, based on National Cancer Institute Organ Dysfunction Working Group classification) received talazoparib 0.5 mg once daily for 22 calendar days.

Assessment of the Utility of Physiologically-based Pharmacokinetic Model for prediction of Pharmacokinetics in Chinese and Japanese Populations.

The objective for the present analyses was to evaluate the utility of physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling for prediction of the pharmacokinetics (PK) in Chinese and Japanese populations with a panel of Pfizer internal compounds. Twelve compounds from Pfizer internal development pipeline with available Westerner PK data and available PK data in at least one of the subpopulations of Japanese and Chinese populations were identified and included in the current analysis. These selected compounds represent various elimination pathways across different therapeutic areas.

Pharmacodynamic Modeling of CDK4/6 Inhibition-Related Biomarkers and the Characterization of the Relationship Between Biomarker Response and Progression-Free Survival in Patients With Advanced Breast Cancer.

Identification of a pharmacodynamic (PD) biomarker, which is predictive of the efficacy outcome, is of ultimate interest in drug development. The objectives of the current analyses are to develop the pharmacokinetic (PK)/PD model for biomarkers (thymidine kinase 1 [TK1] in serum and phosphor-retinoblastoma protein [pRb] and Ki67 in skin tissues) related to cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibition by palbociclib and to explore the relationship of the biomarker response with the efficacy end point (progression-free survival). The data used for analysis consisted of extensive sampling of palbociclib PK and longitudinal rich sampling for the PD biomarkers TK1, pRb, and Ki67 in 26 patients.

Pharmacokinetics, safety, activity, and biomarker analysis of palbociclib plus letrozole as first-line treatment for ER+/HER2- advanced breast cancer in Chinese women.

Purpose: This phase 1, open-label, single-arm clinical trial evaluated pharmacokinetics, safety, and biomarker activity of palbociclib-letrozole as first-line treatment for estrogen receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative advanced breast cancer (ABC) in postmenopausal Chinese women to support palbociclib approval in China.

Methods: Patients received palbociclib 125 mg once daily (3/1 schedule) plus letrozole 2.5 mg once daily.

Impact of Dose Reduction on Efficacy: Implications of Exposure-Response Analysis of Palbociclib.

Background: Palbociclib is indicated for hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative advanced breast cancer (ABC).

Objective: Exposure-response analyses were conducted to evaluate efficacy in Asian versus non-Asian patients and in patients with versus without dose reduction in PALOMA-2.

Patients And Methods: PALOMA-2 compared palbociclib plus letrozole versus placebo plus letrozole in patients with ABC.

Palbociclib (PD-0332991) pharmacokinetics in subjects with impaired renal function.

Purpose: This publication describes an evaluation of the impact of different degrees of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics and safety of palbociclib after a single 125-mg oral dose.

Methods: Thirty-one subjects were assigned to different renal function groups. Serial blood sampling for pharmacokinetics was performed up to 120 h and 168 h post-palbociclib dose for subjects with normal and impaired renal function, respectively.

Exposure-Safety Analyses of Talazoparib in Patients With Advanced Breast Cancer and Germline BRCA1/2 Mutations in the EMBRACA and ABRAZO Trials.

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors, such as talazoparib, may affect hematopoiesis. This analysis characterized the relationship between talazoparib exposure and the most common grade ≥ 3 hematopoietic adverse events (AEs) leading to dose modification in the phase 2 (ABRAZO) and phase 3 (EMBRACA) trials. The relationship between time-varying average talazoparib concentration (C ), along with other baseline variables, and grade ≥ 3 anemia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia were evaluated both by graphical examination and using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models.

Talazoparib Exposure-Efficacy Analysis in Patients With Advanced Breast Cancer and Germline BRCA1/2 Mutations in the EMBRACA Trial.

In the phase 3 EMBRACA trial, treatment with the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor, talazoparib, led to significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS) compared with chemotherapy (hazard ratio, 0.54; 95% confidence interval, 0.41-0.

Effects of calcination temperature on physicochemical property and activity of CuSO/TiO ammonia-selective catalytic reduction catalysts.

CuSO/TiO catalysts with high catalytic activity and excellent resistant to SO and HO, were thought to be promising catalysts used in Selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides by NH. The performance of catalysts is largely affected by calcination temperature. Here, effects of calcination temperature on physicochemical property and catalytic activity of CuSO/TiO catalysts were investigated in depth.

A physiological model of granulopoiesis to predict clinical drug induced neutropenia from in vitro bone marrow studies: with application to a cell cycle inhibitor.

Neutropenia is one of the most common dose-limiting toxocities associated with anticancer drug therapy. The ability to predict the probability and severity of neutropenia based on in vitro studies of drugs in early drug development will aid in advancing safe and efficacious compounds to human testing. Toward this end, a physiological model of granulopoiesis and its regulation is presented that includes the bone marrow progenitor cell cycle, allowing for a mechanistic representation of the action of relevant anticancer drugs based on in vitro studies.

Non-thermal plasma coupled with MOF-74 derived Mn-Co-Ni-O porous composite oxide for toluene efficient degradation.

A novel strategy for removal of toluene by non-thermal plasma (NTP) coupled with metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) derived catalyst was proposed in this work. The MOF-derived porous trimetallic oxide catalyst (MnCoNiO, MCNO) was prepared by simple pyrolysis of a MOF-74(Mn-Co-Ni) precursor. We found that the MCNO material can well synergy with NTP in total decomposition of toluene owing to its high specific surface area, regular porous structure and excellent reducibility, which endow superior catalytic activity and CO selectivity of NTP-MCNO system compared to that of NTP-MnO, NTP-CoO and NTP-NiO.

Population Pharmacokinetics of Talazoparib in Patients With Advanced Cancer.

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have been developed to treat cancers associated with somatic BRCA mutations and germline genetic aberrations involved in the DNA damage response. The efficacy, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) profile of talazoparib, a potent small-molecule PARP inhibitor, was established in 4 clinical studies in cancer patients (2 phase 1 studies PRP-001 and PRP-002, the phase 2 ABRAZO trial, and the phase 3 EMBRACA trial). The current study aimed to describe the population PK of talazoparib and identify covariates that affect talazoparib PK in patients with advanced cancers using pooled data from these 4 studies.

A Phase 1 Mass Balance Study of C-Labeled Talazoparib in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors.

This paper describes the pharmacokinetics (PK), mass balance, metabolic profiling, and safety of talazoparib after a single oral dose of C-talazoparib in 6 patients with advanced solid tumors. Patients were aged ≥18 years, with a histologically confirmed advanced solid tumor at screening. A single 1-mg dose of talazoparib oral solution supplemented with 100 µCi of C-labeled talazoparib was administered.

In-Depth Understanding of the Morphology Effect of α-FeO on Catalytic Ethane Destruction.

Shape effects of nanocrystal catalysts in different reactions have attracted remarkable attention. In the present work, three types of α-FeO oxides with different micromorphologies were rationally synthesized via a facile solvothermal method and adopted in deep oxidation of ethane. The physicochemical properties of prepared materials were characterized by XRD, N sorption, FE-SEM, HR-TEM, FTIR, in situ DRIFTS, XPS, Mössbauer spectroscopy, in situ Raman, electron energy loss spectroscopy, and H-TPR.

The Utility of a Population Approach in Drug-Drug Interaction Assessments: A Simulation Evaluation.

This study aims at evaluating the utility of the population pharmacokinetics approach in therapeutic protein drug-drug-interaction (DDI) assessment. Simulations were conducted for 2 representative victim drugs, methotrexate and trastuzumab, using a parallel-group design with and without the interaction drug. The effect of a perpetrator on the exposure of the victim drug is described as the ratio of clearance/apparent clearance of the victim drug given with or without the perpetrator.

Regeneration of commercial selective catalyst reduction catalysts deactivated by Pb and other inorganic elements.

The regeneration of commercial SCR (Selective Catalyst Reduction) catalysts deactivated by Pb and other elements was studied. The deactivated catalyst samples were prepared by chemical impregnation with mixed solution containing K2SO4, Na2SO4, CaSO4, Pb(NO3)2 and NH4H2PO4. A novel method combining Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA-2Na) and H2SO4 solution (viz.

Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Palbociclib.

Palbociclib is an orally available CDK4/6 inhibitor. In humans, palbociclib undergoes metabolism mediated primarily by CYP3A and SULT2A1, and it is also a weak time-dependent CYP3A inhibitor. The objectives of the current study are to (1) develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of palbociclib based on the in silico, in vitro, and in vivo pharmacokinetic data of palbociclib, (2) verify the PBPK model with clinical drug-drug interaction (DDI) results of palbociclib with strong CYP3A inhibitor (itraconazole), inducer (rifampin), and a sensitive CYP3A substrate (midazolam), and (3) predict the DDI risk of palbociclib with moderate/weak CYP3A inhibitors.

Sustained Accumulation of Microtubule-Binding Chemotherapy Drugs in the Peripheral Nervous System: Correlations with Time Course and Neurotoxic Severity.

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy is a dose-limiting side effect of many antineoplastic agents, but the mechanisms underlying the toxicities are unclear. At their MTDs, the microtubule-binding drugs paclitaxel and ixabepilone induce more severe neuropathy in mice relative to eribulin mesylate, paralleling their toxicity profiles in clinic. We hypothesized that the severity of their neurotoxic effects might be explained by the levels at which they accumulate in the peripheral nervous system.