Vascularization of a bone stump.

Aim To study the character of blood circulation in the bone stump at tight and loose closure of the medullary cavity. Methods Two series of experiments on 39 rabbits with mid-third femoral amputation and muscular plasty were carried out. In the 1st (experimental) series, the bone scapula was closed by thin cortical autograft taken from the epimetaphyseal area, and then the muscles were sutured, and in the 2nd - the scapula was closed by myoplasty only.

A-to-I RNA editing shows dramatic up-regulation in osteosarcoma and broadly regulates tumor-related genes by altering microRNA target regions.

A-to-I RNA editing is a prevalent type of RNA modification in animals. The dysregulation of RNA editing has led to multiple human cancers. However, the role of RNA editing has never been studied in osteosarcoma, a complex bone cancer with unknown molecular basis.

Bone healing during electrostimulation.

Aim To investigate the effect of direct epineural electrical stimulation of the nerve on the nature of reparative processes in the bone stump. Methods Three series of experiments were carried out with amputation of the thigh in the middle third and muscle plasty. In the 1st and 2nd experimental series a perineural catheter was brought to the stump of the sciatic nerve, through which mechanical irritation of the nerve was performed for 20 days daily for 20 minutes.

Cost-Efficiency Optimization Serves as a Conserved Mechanism that Promotes Osteosarcoma in Mammals.

Mutations that reduce the biosynthetic cost of ATP production or increase the gene translation efficiency (tAI) are favorable for rapid cell growth and proliferation and therefore likely to be observed in tumors. Whether the mutations in tumors optimize the trade-off between the ATP biosynthesis cost and gene translation efficiency by increasing the tAI/ATP ratio is currently unknown. We retrieved transcriptome data of normal and osteosarcoma tissue samples from humans and mice and identified tumor-specific mutations in each species by using stringent cutoffs and outgroup information.

An evolutionarily conserved mechanism that amplifies the effect of deleterious mutations in osteosarcoma.

Illustrating the molecular consequence of deleterious mutations is essential for bridging the gap between genotype and phenotype. In the cancer field, differential expression of the two alleles on heterozygous sites could directly reflect the effect of a mutation under certain trans environment. We retrieved transcriptomes of osteosarcoma and normal tissues in human and mouse.

BIOMECHANICAL FACTORS IN RESIDUAL LIMB FORMATION AFTER AMPUTATION.

Objective: The aim: To study the influence of biomechanical factors on the character of morphological disorders in the process of reparative regeneration at the end of the residual limb after amputation.

Patients And Methods: Materials and methods: 10 series of experiments on 144 rabbits were conducted. We used myodesis with normal, insufficient and excessive muscle tension, their electrical stimulation, tight and leaky closure of the bone marrow canal.

Comparative genomic analysis of a naturally born serpentized pig reveals putative mutations related to limb and bone development.

Background: It is believed that natural selection acts on the phenotypical changes caused by mutations. Phenotypically, from fishes to amphibians to reptiles, the emergence of limbs greatly facilitates the landing of ancient vertebrates, but the causal mutations and evolutionary trajectory of this process remain unclear.

Results: We serendipitously obtained a pig of limbless phenotype.

Mutation profiling of a limbless pig reveals genome-wide regulation of RNA processing related to bone development.

Mutation is the basis of phenotypic changes and serves as the source of natural selection. The development of limbs has been the milestone in vertebrate evolution. Several limb and bone-related genes were verified experimentally, but other indirect and regulatory factors of limb development remained untested, especially very few cases were observed in natural environment.

Reamputation stumps below knee.

Aim To investigate rehabilitation outcomes of patients with malformed tibial stumps. Methods Observations included 421 patients with residual limb diseases and malformations (extensive inactive scars adhered to the bone, excessively long or short stumps, bone filing, osteomyelitis of the stump, muscle attachment to the skin scar, excessive mobility and deviations of the fibula, improper filing). Four hundred and thirty-six (436) reconstructive surgeries were performed.

ALA-Net: Adaptive Lesion-Aware Attention Network for 3D Colorectal Tumor Segmentation.

Accurate and reliable segmentation of colorectal tumors and surrounding colorectal tissues on 3D magnetic resonance images has critical importance in preoperative prediction, staging, and radiotherapy. Previous works simply combine multilevel features without aggregating representative semantic information and without compensating for the loss of spatial information caused by down-sampling. Therefore, they are vulnerable to noise from complex backgrounds and suffer from misclassification and target incompleteness-related failures.

REPARATIVE REGENERATION AT THE END OF BONE FILING AFTER OSTOPLASTIC AMPUTATION.

Objective: The aim: To study the role and place of bone grafting in the formation of bone stump after amputation.

Patients And Methods: Materials and methods: 3 series of experiments were carried out on 44 rabbits with amputation of the thigh in the middle third and stump grafting using osteoplastic hermetic closure of the canal with a thin cortical plate (series I), closure of the canal with a spongy bone (series II), and loose closure of the canal with a cortical graft located at the entrance to the canal at an angle of 30° (ІІІ series). Observation period: 1, 3, 6 months.

Long non-coding RNA GAS5 suppresses rheumatoid arthritis progression via miR-128-3p/HDAC4 axis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a highly relevant public health problem. RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RAFLSs) play an important role in RA progression. Long non-coding RNA growth arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5) could improve RA by inducing RAFLSs apoptosis.

LRVRG: a local region-based variational region growing algorithm for fast mandible segmentation from CBCT images.

Objectives: To segment the mandible from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images efficiently and accurately for the 3D mandible model is essential for subsequent research and diagnosis.

Methods: This paper proposes a local region-based variational region growing algorithm, which integrates local region and shape prior to segment the mandible accurately. Firstly, we select initial seeds in the CBCT image and then calculate candidate point sets and the local region energy function of each point.

Deep Learning for Accurate Diagnosis of Liver Tumor Based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Clinical Data.

Early-stage diagnosis and treatment can improve survival rates of liver cancer patients. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI provides the most comprehensive information for differential diagnosis of liver tumors. However, MRI diagnosis is affected by subjective experience, so deep learning may supply a new diagnostic strategy.

Quantitative Assessment of Hippocampal Tau Pathology in AD and PART.

To quantitatively assess the distribution pattern of hippocampal tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and primary age-related tauopathy (PART), we investigated the distribution of phosphorylated tau protein (AT8) in 6 anatomically defined subregions of the hippocampal formation and developed a mathematical algorithm to compare the patterns of tau deposition in PART and AD. We demonstrated regional patterns of selective vulnerability as distinguishing features of PART and AD in functionally relevant structures of the hippocampus. In AD cases, tau pathology was high in both CA1 and subiculum, followed by CA2/3, entorhinal cortex (EC), CA4, and dentate gyrus (DG).