Paeonol Alleviates Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Injury in Rats Through Upregulation of SIRT1 and Inhibition of HMGB1/TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Pathway.

Paeonol is a principle bioactive compound separated from the root bark of Cortex Moutan and has been shown to confer various biological functions, including antineuroinflammation and neuroprotection. Inflammation, blood-brain barrier (BBB), permeability, and apoptosis are three major underlying mechanisms involved in early brain injury (EBI) postsubarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). This study aimed to detect the roles and mechanisms of paeonol in EBI following SAH.

Insights into the mechanical microenvironment within the cartilaginous endplate: An emerging role in maintaining disc homeostasis and normal function.

Biomechanical factors are strongly linked with the emergence and development of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). The intervertebral disc (IVD), as a unique enclosed biomechanical structure, exhibits distinct mechanical properties within its substructures. Damage to the mechanical performance of any substructure can disrupt the overall mechanical function of the IVD.

Global, regional, national trends of femur fracture and machine learning prediction: Comprehensive findings and questions from global burden of disease 1990-2019.

Background: Femur fracture is a type of fracture with high disability and mortality. There is no comprehensive analysis and prediction of the global distribution of femur fractures, so we conducted this study.

Methods: Age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), and years living with disability (YLDs) of femur fractures (excluding femoral neck) were downloaded from the Global burden of disease database.

MiR-497-5p ameliorates the oxyhemoglobin-induced subarachnoid hemorrhage injury in vitro by targeting orthodenticle homeobox protein 1 (Otx1) to activate the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a neurological disorder that severely damages the brain and causes cognitive impairment. MicroRNAs are critical regulators in a variety of neurological diseases. MiR-497-5p has been found to be downregulated in the aneurysm vessel walls obtained from patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, but its functions and mechanisms in SAH have not been reported.

Effects of rehabilitation therapy based on exercise prescription on motor function and complications after hip fracture surgery in elderly patients.

Background: Exercise rehabilitation training is an important measure for improving the prognosis of patients with hip fractures. However, the particular program that works effectively and the efficiency of exercise therapy are still controversial.

Objective: To compare the effects of usual postoperative care combined with rehabilitation based on exercise prescription on motor function and complications in elderly patients who underwent surgery for hip fracture.

Regenerating and repairing degenerative intervertebral discs by regulating the micro/nano environment of degenerative bony endplates based on low-tension mechanics.

Background: Conservative treatment is the recommended first-line treatment for degenerative disc diseases. Traction therapy has historically been one of the most common clinical methods to address this, but the clinical effect remains controversial.

Methods: Forty-two six-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups: the model group (Group A, four coccyx vertebrae (Co7-Co10) were fixed with customized external fixators, and the vertebral disc degeneration model was constructed by axial compression of the target segment Co8 - Co9 for 4 weeks), the experimental control group (Group B, after successful modeling, the external fixation device was removed and self-rehabilitation was performed) and four intervention groups (Groups C to F): Groups C and E: Co8 - Co9 vertebrae compressed for 4 weeks followed by two or 4 weeks of high tension traction (HTT), respectively, and Groups D and F: vertebrae compressed for 4 weeks followed by two or 4 weeks of low-tension traction (LTT), respectively.

Suppression of MALAT1 alleviates neurocyte apoptosis and reactive oxygen species production through the miR-499-5p/SOX6 axis in subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), a common devastating cerebrovascular accident, is a great threat to human health and life. Exploration of the potential therapeutic target of SAH is urgently needed. Previous studies showed that long noncoding RNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) promotes cell apoptosis in various diseases, while its role in SAH remains unclear.

ACE2 Rescues Impaired Autophagic Flux Through the PI3K/AKT Pathway After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is one of the life-threatening neurosurgical diseases in central nervous system. Autophagy has been previously demonstrated to exert vital roles in SAH development. Angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been revealed as a regulator of autophagy in neurosurgical diseases.

Baicalin suppresses autophagy-dependent ferroptosis in early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Early brain injury, characterized by massive cell apoptosis or death, is identified as a critical pathophysiological process during subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Ferroptosis, a class of autophagy-dependent cell death discovered in 2012, is induced by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation accumulation. The present study was designed to study the role of baicalin in autophagy-dependent ferroptosis in early brain injury after SAH.

Characteristics, treatments, and prognosis of a critical illness polyneuromyopathy patient with positive anti-GM1 after severe traumatic brain injury: A case report.

To investigate the clinical features, treatment and prognosis of critical illness polyneuromyopathy (CIPNM) in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) who had positive anti-ganglioside GM1 (anti-GM1) antibody IgG. A case of CIPNM with positive anti-GM1 antibody IgG was retrospectively analysed and followed-up for 30 months. After 1 week of treatment with large dose of short-term glucocorticoid and human immunoglobulin, the muscle strength of both lower extremities was restored to grade 1.

Spatiotemporal dynamic characteristics of typical temperate glaciers in China.

China's temperate glaciers have a relatively warm and humid climate and hydrothermal conditions at low latitudes. Temperate glaciers, however, have larger ablation, higher ice temperatures, relatively fast movement speeds, and a significant sliding process at the bottom. As a result, these glaciers are more significantly affected by climate change.

live imaging of bone using shortwave infrared fluorescent quantum dots.

Bone plays an increasingly critical role in human health and disease. More noninvasive multi-scale imaging techniques are urgently required for investigations on the substructures and biological functions of bones. Our results firstly revealed that SWIR QDs prepared by us acted as a bone-specific imaging contrast to achieve real-time observation of bone structures both in vivo and ex vivo.

Structure and mechanical properties of high-weight-bearing and low-weight-bearing areas of hip cartilage at the micro- and nano-levels.

Background: Articular cartilage has a high-weight-bearing area and a low-weight-bearing area, the macroscopic elastic moduli of the two regions are different. Chondrocytes are affected by the applied force at the microscopic level. Currently, the modulus of the two areas at the micro and nano levels is unknown, and studies on the relationship between macro-, micro- and nano-scale elastic moduli are limited.

Treatment of a giant complicated distal posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysm: A case report and literature review.

Giant intracranial aneurysms, especially giant aneurysms of the distal posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA), remain the most difficult and challenging cerebrovascular lesions for neurosurgeons to treat. The morbidity and mortality rates of microsurgical clipping are relatively high, and endovascular embolization is also associated with many complications. In the present report, the case of a 46-year-old female patient who presented with headache and dizziness for 3 years, which was aggravated and combined with limb weakness for 1 day, is presented.

Microanatomy of the lumbar vertebral bony endplate of rats using scanning electron microscopy.

Introduction: The bony endplate of a vertebra is a porous structure containing a large number of capillaries. To date, not very much is known regarding the appearance of the bony endplate microstructure, or the distribution of foramina in the bony endplate.

Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to provide information on this microstructure based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images.

Early degeneration of the meniscus revealed by microbiomechanical alteration in a rabbit anterior cruciate ligament transection model.

Background: The microbiomechanical properties of the meniscus influence the cell response to the surrounding biomechanical environment ​and are beneficial to understand meniscus repairing and healing. To date, however, this information remains ambiguous. This study aims to characterise the microbiomechanical properties of the meniscus after degeneration in a rabbit anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) model and to analyse the corresponding histology at the macroscale and chemical composition.

Stable mechanical environments created by a low-tension traction device is beneficial for the regeneration and repair of degenerated intervertebral discs.

Background: By blocking the cascade of reactions leading to intervertebral disc degeneration through immobilization-traction, a delay in intervertebral disc degeneration and its regeneration, to some extent, has been observed. However, the precise balance of regulation of the microenvironment of intervertebral disc biomechanics and coordination of the complex spatiotemporal reconstruction of the extracellular matrix have not yet been solved, and clinical results are far from successful.

Purpose: In the present study, a mechanical degeneration model was constructed to evaluate the possibility and effectiveness of disc regeneration or repair through low-tension traction of degenerated discs so as to provide basic biomechanical information for clinical optimization of the traction device and to establish traction parameters for prevention and treatment of disc degeneration.

Nano and micro biomechanical analyses of the nucleus pulposus after in situ immobilization in rats.

Immobilization can lead to intervertebral disc degeneration. The biomechanical characteristics of such discs have not so far been investigated at the micro- or nanoscale, the level at which cells sense and respond to the surrounding environment. This study aimed to characterize changes in the elastic modulus of the collagen fibrils in the nucleus pulposus at the nanoscale and correlate this with micro-biomechanical properties of the nucleus pulposus after immobilization, in addition to observation of tissue histology and its gene expressions.

Energy balance model of mass balance and its sensitivity to meteorological variability on Urumqi River Glacier No.1 in the Chinese Tien Shan.

Energy exchanges between atmosphere and glacier surface control the net energy available for snow and ice melt. Based on the meteorological records in Urumqi River Glacier No.1 (URGN1) in the Chinese Tien Shan during the period of 2012-2015, an energy-mass balance model was run to assess the sensitivity of glacier mass balance to air temperature (T), precipitation (P), incoming shortwave radiation (S), relative humidity (RH), and wind speed (u) in the URGN1, respectively.

Assessment of changes in the micro-nano environment of intervertebral disc degeneration based on Pfirrmann grade.

Background Context: Pfirrmann grading can be used to assess intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). There is growing evidence that IVDD is not simply a structural disorder but also involves changes to the substructural characteristics of the disc. Whether Pfirrmann grade can accurately represent these micro-nano environmental changes remains unclear.

Controlled immobilization-traction based on intervertebral stability is conducive to the regeneration or repair of the degenerative disc: an in vivo study on the rat coccygeal model.

Background Context: Previous studies have shown the potential for intervertebral disc tissue regeneration is very limited. While in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that traction can restore disc height and internal pressure, in many clinical studies it was shown that axial mechanical traction for the treatment of low back pain is ineffective.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify how the disc could be distracted, how to define the state of traction, and to further examine the feasibility of regenerating or restoring the degenerative disc by means of traction.

Nano and micro biomechanical alterations of annulus fibrosus after in situ immobilization revealed by atomic force microscopy.

Annulus fibrosus is critical to bear loads and resist fluid flow in the intervertebral disc. However, the detailed biomechanical mechanism of annulus fibrosus under abnormal loading is still ambiguous, especially at the micro and nano scales. This study aims to characterize the alterations of modulus at the nano scale of individual collagen fibrils in annulus fibrosus after in-situ immobilization, and the corresponding micro-biomechanics of annulus fibrosus.

Intervertebral disc degeneration induced by long-segment in-situ immobilization: a macro, micro, and nanoscale analysis.

Background: Cervical spine fixation or immobilization has become a routine treatment for spinal fracture, dislocation, subluxation injuries, or spondylosis. The effects of immobilization of intervertebral discs of the cervical spine is unclear. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of long-segment in-situ immobilization of intervertebral discs of the caudal vertebra, thereby simulating human cervical spine immobilization.