Application of enhanced recovery after surgery for oral dryness prevention after endoscopic sinus surgery.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of cluster nursing intervention based on Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) for xerostomia in chronic rhinosinusitis after nasal endoscopic surgery.

Methods: A total of 80 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis who underwent functional nasal endoscopic surgery between January 2020 and December 2021 were selected and randomly divided into a control group (n = 40) and an experimental group (n = 40). Patients in the control group were treated with general nursing, while ERAS-based cluster nursing intervention was adopted for the experimental group, in addition to general nursing.

Twinning Engineering of Platinum/Iridium Nanonets as Turing-Type Catalysts for Efficient Water Splitting.

The twin boundary, a common lattice plane of mirror-symmetric crystals, may have high reactivity due to special atomic coordination. However, twinning platinum and iridium nanocatalysts are grand challenges due to the high stacking fault energies that are nearly 1 order of magnitude larger than those of easy-twinning gold and silver. Here, we demonstrate that Turing structuring, realized by selective etching of superthin metal film, provides 14.

Turing structuring with multiple nanotwins to engineer efficient and stable catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction.

Low-dimensional nanocrystals with controllable defects or strain modifications are newly emerging active electrocatalysts for hydrogen-energy conversion and utilization; however, a crucial challenge remains in insufficient stability due to spontaneous structural degradation and strain relaxation. Here we report a Turing structuring strategy to activate and stabilize superthin metal nanosheets by incorporating high-density nanotwins. Turing configuration, realized by constrained orientation attachment of nanograins, yields intrinsically stable nanotwin network and straining effects, which synergistically reduce the energy barrier of water dissociation and optimize the hydrogen adsorption free energy for hydrogen evolution reaction.

Focus on perovskite emitters in blue light-emitting diodes.

Blue perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are essential in pixels of perovskite displays, while their progress lags far behind their red and green counterparts. Here, we focus on recent advances of blue PeLEDs and systematically review the noteworthy strategies, which are categorized into compositional engineering, dimensional control, and size confinement, on optimizing microstructures, energy landscapes, and charge behaviors of wide-bandgap perovskite emitters (bandgap >2.5 eV).

Mechanism of HMBR in Reducing Membrane Fouling under Different SRT: Effect of Sludge Load on Microbial Properties.

Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are the main causative agents of membrane fouling, and the use of a hybrid membrane bioreactor (HMBR) can mitigate this by reducing the EPS content. Four bench scale sets of HMBRs were used simultaneously to treat domestic wastewater. The effect of sludge retention times (SRT) on membrane fouling in HMBRs and the underlying mechanism were investigated by comparing and analyzing the changes in sludge load, microbial characteristics, EPS distribution characteristics, and transmembrane pressure under different SRTs.

Study on Creep-Fatigue Mechanical Behavior and Life Prediction of TiAlNb-Based Alloy.

Low-cycle fatigue, creep and creep-fatigue tests of TiAlNb-based alloy were carried out at 550 °C. Compared with low-cycle fatigue, a creep-fatigue hysteresis loop has larger area and smaller average stress. The introduction of creep damage will greatly reduce the cycle life, and change the fatigue crack initiation point and failure mechanism.

The Application Value of Three-Dimensional Power Doppler Ultrasound in Fetal Growth Restriction.

In this study, the application value of three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound (3D-PDU) in fetal growth restriction (FGR) is explored. The retrospective cohort study enrolled pregnant women (with a gestational week of 11-13 + 6 weeks) who received routine health care in the obstetrics and gynecology clinic of our hospital from January 2020 to January 2021. The placentae were scanned using 3D-PDU, and the subjects were followed up until delivery.

Pressure-Quenched Superconductivity in Weyl Semimetal NbP Induced by Electronic Phase Transitions under Pressure.

The TaAs family (NbAs, TaAs, NbP, TaP) are kinds of Weyl semimetals with lots of novel properties, thus attracting considerable attention in recent years. Here, we systematically studied the Weyl semimetal NbP up to 72 GPa through the resistivity, Raman spectra, X-ray diffraction measurements, and first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations. A pressure-induced semimetal-metal transition was observed at ∼36 GPa, which was further confirmed by the DFT calculations.

Design, Synthesis, Anti-Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Activity, and Mechanism of Action of Thienopyrimidine-Containing Dithioacetal Derivatives.

Currently, there is insufficient viricide to effectively control tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). To address this pending issue, a series of thienopyrimidine-containing dithioacetal derivatives were prepared and tested for their anti-TSWV activities. A subsequent three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship was constructed to indicate the development of optimal compound .

Precise Modeling of Thermal and Strain Rate Effect on the Hardening Behavior of SiC/Al Composite.

Temperature and strain rate have significant effects on the mechanical behavior of SiC/Al 2009 composites. This research aimed to precisely model the thermal and strain rate effect on the strain hardening behavior of SiC/Al composite using the artificial neural network (ANN). The mechanical behavior of SiC/Al 2009 composites in the temperature range of 298-623 K under the strain rate of 0.

Effects of Strength and Distribution of SiC on the Mechanical Properties of SiCp/Al Composites.

In this paper, considering the strength and geometric discrete distribution characteristics of composite reinforcement, by introducing the discrete distribution function of reinforcement, the secondary development of ABAQUS is realized by using the Python language, the parametric automatic generation method of representative volume elements of particle-reinforced composites is established, and the tensile properties of silicon carbide particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composites are analyzed. The effects of particle strength, particle volume fraction, and particle random distribution on the mechanical properties of SiCp/Al composites are studied. The results show that the random distribution of particles and the change in particle strength have no obvious influence on the stress-strain relationship before the beginning of material damage, but have a great influence on the damage stage, maximum strength, and corresponding failure strain.

Chemical Polishing of Perovskite Surface Enhances Photovoltaic Performances.

The benefits of excess PbI on perovskite crystal nucleation and growth are countered by the photoinstability of interfacial PbI in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here we report a simple chemical polishing strategy to rip PbI crystals off the perovskite surface to decouple these two opposing effects. The chemical polishing results in a favorable perovskite surface exhibiting enhanced luminescence, prolonged carrier lifetimes, suppressed ion migration, and better energy level alignment.

Determining the Mechanical Strength of Ultra-Fine-Grained Metals.

The mechanical strengthening of metals is the long-standing challenge and popular topic of materials science in industries and academia. The size dependence of the strength of the nanometals has been attracting a lot of interest. However, characterizing the strength of materials at the lower nanometer scale has been a big challenge because the traditional techniques become no longer effective and reliable, such as nano-indentation, micropillar compression, tensile, etc.

Mechanochemistry Advances High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells.

A prerequisite for commercializing perovskite photovoltaics is to develop a swift and eco-friendly synthesis route, which guarantees the mass production of halide perovskites in the industry. Herein, a green-solvent-assisted mechanochemical strategy is developed for fast synthesizing a stoichiometric δ-phase formamidinium lead iodide (δ-FAPbI ) powder, which serves as a high-purity precursor for perovskite film deposition with low defects. The presynthesized δ-FAPbI precursor possesses high concentration of micrometer-sized colloids, which are in favor of preferable crystallization by spontaneous nucleation.

Effect of Surface Integrity on Hot Fatigue Life of TiAlNb Intermetallic Alloy.

The effect of surface integrity on the hot fatigue performance of TiAlNb alloy was investigated. A turning process was used to prepare the standard specimens for hot fatigue tests. The surface integrity characterization and axial fatigue tests were performed.

Influencing Factors on the Healing Performance of Microcapsule Self-Healing Concrete.

The amounts of the components in a microcapsule self-healing system significantly impact the basic performance and self-healing performance of concrete. In this paper, an orthogonal experimental design is used to investigate the healing performance of microcapsule self-healing concrete under different pre-damage loads. The strength recovery performance and sound speed recovery performance under extensive damage are analyzed.

Evolution of Structural and Electronic Properties in NbTe under High Pressure.

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted wide attention due to their quasi-two-dimensional layered structure and exotic properties. Plenty of efforts have been done to modulate the interlayer stacking manner for novel states. However, as an equally important element in shaping the unique properties of TMDs, the effect of intralayer interaction is rarely revealed.

Purine Nucleoside Derivatives Containing a Sulfa Ethylamine Moiety: Design, Synthesis, Antiviral Activity, and Mechanism.

To find efficient and broad-spectrum viral agents, a series of purine nucleoside derivatives containing sulfa ethylamine moieties was designed and synthesized, and their antiviral activities against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), and potato virus Y (PVY) were evaluated. Some target compounds displayed good antiviral activities. Among them, compound showed excellent protective activity against CMV and PVY with 50% effective concentration values (EC) of 137 and 209 μg/mL, respectively, which were better than that of the control agent ningnanmycin (508 and 431 μg/mL).

Facile synthesis of anionic porous organic polymer for ethylene purification.

The removal of acetylene from ethylene is of vital significance in the petroleum and chemical industry, the presence of trace acetylene impurities in ethylene polymerization process could lead to the interruption of ethylene polymerization. Herein, we construct a new anionic porous organic polymer using potassium tetraphenylborate via Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction under mild conditions. The resulting material, APOP, possesses good thermal stability and a decent BET surface area, as exemplified by thermogravimetric analysis measurement and nitrogen gas sorption experiment.

Superior Carrier Lifetimes Exceeding 6 µs in Polycrystalline Halide Perovskites.

Lead halide perovskite films have witnessed rapid progress in optoelectronic devices, whereas polycrystalline heterogeneities and serious native defects in films are still responsible for undesired recombination pathways, causing insufficient utilization of photon-generated charge carriers. Here, radiation-enhanced polycrystalline perovskite films with ultralong carrier lifetimes exceeding 6 μs and single-crystal-like electron-hole diffusion lengths of more than 5 μm are achieved. Prolongation of charge-carrier activities is attributed to the electronic structure regulation and the defect elimination at crystal boundaries in the perovskite with the introduction of phenylmethylammonium iodide.

Design, synthesis, anti-TMV activity, and preliminary mechanism of cinnamic acid derivatives containing dithioacetal moiety.

A series of cinnamic acid derivatives, which contained dithioacetal moiety, were designed and synthesized, and their anti-plant virus activity against Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) were evaluated. Most target compounds exhibited good anti-plant virus activities. Compound 2y, especially at 500 mg/L concentration, had an excellent activity against TMV, and its curative, protective, and inactivating activities were 62.

High-pressure strengthening in ultrafine-grained metals.

The Hall-Petch relationship, according to which the strength of a metal increases as the grain size decreases, has been reported to break down at a critical grain size of around 10 to 15 nanometres. As the grain size decreases beyond this point, the dominant mechanism of deformation switches from a dislocation-mediated process to grain boundary sliding, leading to material softening. In one previous approach, stabilization of grain boundaries through relaxation and molybdenum segregation was used to prevent this softening effect in nickel-molybdenum alloys with grain sizes below 10 nanometres.

Synthesis, Antiviral Activity, and Mechanisms of Purine Nucleoside Derivatives Containing a Sulfonamide Moiety.

Novel purine nucleoside derivatives containing a sulfonamide moiety were prepared, as well as their antiviral activities against potato virus Y (PVY), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) were evaluated. The antiviral mechanisms of the compounds were investigated. Results showed that most of the compounds had good antiviral activities.

Design, synthesis, bioactivity and mechanism of dithioacetal derivatives containing dioxyether moiety.

The present work designed and synthesized a series of dithioacetal derivatives containing dioxyether, as well as evaluated their antiviral activities against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Bioassays demonstrated that the target compounds showed excellent anti-TMV activities in vivo and in vitro. Compound 24c has excellent anti-TMV activities, and its curative, protective and inactivating activities for TMV were 50.