Controllable synthesis and biomedical applications of bismuth-based nanospheres: enhanced photothermal therapy and CT imaging efficiency.

The advancement and utilization of nano-scale biomaterials in the diagnosis and treatment of tumors have been notable over the last few decades, primarily owing to their appealing characteristics such as small particle size, adjustable properties, and remarkable biocompatibility. The creation of nanomaterials possessing versatility and a customizable nature, consequently, holds great promise for advancing healthcare and improving patient outcomes. Here, we report the controllable synthesis of monodisperse bismuth-based (BiS, Bi, and BiO) nanoparticles with uniform spherical morphology and size distribution, and evaluate their potential for CT imaging and photothermal therapy applications.

Suppressing Oxygen Adsorption on Bulk Arsenic and 2D Arsenic Nanoflake Surfaces: The Role of Sb Doping.

The susceptibility of bulk and exfoliated nanolayered arsenic to oxidation has been a significant obstacle limiting their widespread application and safe disposal. Here we report a controllable antimony-doped (Sb-doped) method via chemical vapor transport (CVT) with SnI as a transport agent to prepare the bulk arsenic. After 96 h of exposure to air, the oxygen content on the surface of Sb-doped arsenic with SnI is 67% lower compared to the undoped arsenic with SnI, and 89% lower than the control group (undoped arsenic without SnI).

GradToken: Decoupling tokens with class-aware gradient for visual explanation of Transformer network.

Transformer networks have been widely used in the fields of computer vision, natural language processing, graph-structured data analysis, etc. Subsequently, explanations of Transformer play a key role in helping humans understand and analyze its decision-making and working mechanism, thereby improving the trustworthiness in its real-world applications. However, it is difficult to apply the existing explanation methods for convolutional neural networks to Transformer networks, due to the significant differences between their structures.

Biotic and abiotic properties mediating sediment microbial diversity and function in a river-lake continuum.

A river-lake system plays an important role in water management by providing long-term and frequent water diversions. However, hydrological connectivity in the system can have a profound effect on sediment microbial communities through pH, nutrient concentrations, and benthos invertebrates. Consequently, identifying the key environmental factors and their driving mechanisms is vital for microbial adaptation strategies to extreme environments.

Deep-trap ultraviolet persistent phosphor for advanced optical storage application in bright environments.

Extensive research has been conducted on visible-light and longer-wavelength infrared-light storage phosphors, which are utilized as promising rewritable memory media for optical information storage applications in dark environments. However, storage phosphors emitting in the deep ultraviolet spectral region (200-300 nm) are relatively lacking. Here, we report an appealing deep-trap ultraviolet storage phosphor, ScBO:Bi, which exhibits an ultra-narrowband light emission centered at 299 nm with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 0.

Phosphorus-Water Interaction Drives Active Center Evolution into the Water-Adaptive Structure in the High-Humidity NH-SCR Reaction.

The impact of water on catalyst activity remains inconclusive due to its dependence on the specific reaction environment. To maximize the exploitation of water's promoting effect, we employed ammonia selective catalytic reduction (NH-SCR) as a probe reaction and proposed a phosphorus modification strategy for Cu-ZSM-5 catalysts. The objective of this approach was to construct water-adaptive microstructures through directional arrangement.

Clinical significance and immune landscape of a novel immune cell infiltration-based prognostic model in lung adenocarcinoma.

Tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) play a central role in the tumor microenvironment, which can reflect the host anti-tumor immune response. However, few studies have explored TICs in predicting the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). In our study, we enrolled 2470 LUAD patients from TCGA and GEO databases, and the normalized enrichment scores for 65 immune cell types were quantified for each patient.

Ultraviolet-B and Near-Infrared Dual-Band Luminescence in Bi/Bi Codoped Persistent Phosphor for Optical Storage Application.

Discovering multifunctional luminescent materials to meet the demands of modern spectroscopy is of great significance. However, it is a standing challenge to enable multiple luminescence properties in a single material system via single metal ion doping. Here, we report the inherently Bi/Bi codoped CaGaGeO persistent phosphor where Bi is in situ reduced to Bi.

Hourly forecasting on PM concentrations using a deep neural network with meteorology inputs.

The PM (particulate matter with a diameter of fewer than 2.5 µm) has become a global topic in environmental science. The neural network that based on the non-linear regression algorithm, e.

A biomimetic phototherapeutic nanoagent based on bacterial double-layered membrane vesicles for comprehensive treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

As one of the most common malignancies, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) with high rates of invasiveness and metastasis threatens people's health worldwide, while traditional therapeutic approaches have not met the requirement of its cure. Phototherapies including photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) have shown great potential for OSCC treatment due to their noninvasiveness or minimal invasiveness, high selectivity and little tolerance. However, PTT or PDT alone makes it difficult to eradicate OSCC and prevent its metastasis and recurrence.

A Bacterial Nanomedicine Combines Photodynamic-Immunotherapy and Chemotherapy for Enhanced Treatment of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Bacterial therapy is an emerging hotspot in tumor immunotherapy, which can initiate antitumor immune activation through multiple mechanisms. Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), a pathogenic bacterium inhabiting the oral cavity, contains a great deal of pathogen associated molecular patterns that can activate various innate immune cells to promote antitumor immunity. Owing to the presence of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), Pg is also an excellent photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT) via the in situ generation of reactive oxygen species.

What is the role of interface in the catalytic elimination of multi-carbon air pollutants?

Multi-carbon air pollutants pose serious hazards to the environment and health, especially soot and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Catalytic oxidation is one of the most effective technologies for eliminating them. The oxidation of soot and most hydrocarbon VOCs begins with C-H (or edge-CH) activation, so this commonality can be targeted to design active sites.

Broadband Short-Wave Infrared-Emitting MgGaO:Cr, Ni Phosphor with Near-Unity Internal Quantum Efficiency and High Thermal Stability for Light-Emitting Diode Applications.

Blue InGaN chip-pumped short-wave infrared (SWIR) emitters have aroused tremendous attention and shown emerging applications in diverse fields such as healthcare, retail, and agriculture. However, discovering blue light-emitting diode (LED)-pumped SWIR phosphors with a central emission wavelength over 1000 nm remains a significant challenge. Herein, we demonstrate the efficient broadband SWIR luminescence of Ni by simultaneously incorporating Cr and Ni ions into the MgGaO lattice, with Cr as the sensitizer and Ni as the emitter.

Delocalized Electronic Engineering of Ni P Nanoroses for Durable Li-O Batteries.

The sluggish kinetics and issues associated with the parasitic reactions of cathodes are major obstacles to the large-scale application of Li-O batteries (LOBs), despite their large theoretical energy density. Therefore, efficient electrocatalyst design is critical for optimizing their performance. Ni P is analyzed theoretically as a cathode material, and the downshift of the d-band center is found to enhance electron occupation in antibonding orbits, providing a valuable descriptor for understanding and enhancing the intrinsic electrocatalytic activity.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors alone or in combination with chemotherapy for treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer after first-line platinum-based chemotherapy: A propensity score matching analysis.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have changed the treatment landscape of several cancer types. However, data are lacking with regard to the clinical responsiveness of ICIs in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after standard first-line chemotherapy. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of ICI alone or in combination with chemotherapy for patients with advanced NSCLC after first-line platinum-based chemotherapy.

X-ray-Excited Long-Lasting Narrowband Ultraviolet-B Persistent Luminescence from Gd-Doped SrPO Phosphor.

Persistent phosphors emitting in the narrowband ultraviolet-B (NB-UVB) spectral region have aroused significant interest, owing to their special self-illuminating feature in realizing many advanced technological applications under excitation-free conditions, such as dermatological therapy and invisible optical tagging. Here, we focus our discussion on a new Gd-doped persistent phosphor, SrPO:Gd, which exhibits long-lasting NB-UVB persistent luminescence peaking at 312 nm for more than 24 h after charging by an X-ray beam. The NB-UVB light emission from the charged SrPO:Gd phosphor can be clearly detected by a UVB camera in bright indoor environment.

Site-Selective Occupancy Control of Cr Ions toward Ultrabroad-Band Infrared Luminescence with a Spectral Width up to 419 nm.

Infrared-emitting phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are desirable light sources for a very wide range of applications such as spectroscopy analysis, nondestructive monitoring, covert information identification, and night-vision surveillance. The most important aspect of infrared emitters for spectroscopy is to cover the widest possible wavelength range of emitted light. However, developing ultrabroad-band infrared emitters based on converter technology is still a challenging task due to the lack of suitable phosphor materials that emit in a wide wavelength range upon excitation from blue-emitting chips.

Personalized Targeted Therapeutic Strategies against Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. An Evidence-Based Review of Literature.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of malignant tumor in the head and neck, with a poor prognosis mainly due to recurrence and metastasis. Classical treatment modalities for OSCC like surgery and radiotherapy have difficulties in dealing with metastatic tumors, and together with chemotherapy, they have major problems related to non-specific cell death. Molecular targeted therapies offer solutions to these problems through not only potentially maximizing the anticancer efficacy but also minimizing the treatment-related toxicity.

Sustainable construction through energy management practices: an integrated hierarchal framework of drivers in the construction sector.

Reducing energy usage and promoting energy management practices remain hot issues in the construction sector. Construction firms are not interested to adopt energy conservation and management practices in their projects. Despite the successful integration of energy management practices in developed nations, their adaptability in developing countries, especially in Pakistan, is at a slow pace.

Enhancing the anti-oxidation stability of vapor-crystallized arsenic crystals via introducing iodine.

The oxidation of arsenic restricts its application in high-performance electronic devices and functional materials. Herein, a removable iodine-regulation method was proposed for the first time to enhance the anti-oxidation behavior of arsenic. In a gradient of 500-650 ℃, the introduction of 0.

Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Hot-Pressed Silica Matrix Composites.

Silica is one of the most widely used ceramics due to its excellent chemical stability and dielectric property. However, its destructive brittle nature inhabits it from wider application as a functional ceramic. An improvement in toughness is a challenging topic for silica ceramic, as well as other ceramics.

Blue LED-pumped intense short-wave infrared luminescence based on Cr-Yb-co-doped phosphors.

The growing demand for spectroscopy applications in the areas of agriculture, retail and healthcare has led to extensive research on infrared light sources. The ability of phosphors to absorb blue light from commercial LED and convert the excitation energy into long-wavelength infrared luminescence is crucial for the design of cost-effective and high-performance phosphor-converted infrared LEDs. However, the lack of ideal blue-pumped short-wave infrared (SWIR) phosphors with an emission peak longer than 900 nm greatly limits the development of SWIR LEDs using light converter technology.

Influence of Additives on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Alumina Ceramics.

Alumina is one of the most commonly used and researched structural ceramic because of its excellent properties. However, its intrinsic brittleness is the fatal drawback, which hinders it from wider applications. How to improve its fracture toughness as well as the bending strength is always challenging for material researchers.

TSGB: Target-Selective Gradient Backprop for Probing CNN Visual Saliency.

The explanation for deep neural networks has drawn extensive attention in the deep learning community over the past few years. In this work, we study the visual saliency, a.k.