Adolescent Blood Pressure and Early Age Stroke.

Background: Underdiagnosis of relevant risk factors has contributed to the increasing stroke incidence in young adults. Blood pressure cut-off values for adolescents are neither sex specific nor based on cardiovascular outcomes.

Methods: This nationwide, population-based, retrospective cohort study included all Israeli adolescents 16-19 years of age who were medically evaluated before compulsory military service from 1985 to 2013, including routine blood pressure measurements.

Cognitive function in adolescence and the risk of early-onset stroke.

Background: Stroke is increasingly prevalent at younger ages but the risk factors are uncertain. We examined the association between adolescent cognitive function and early-onset stroke.

Methods: This was a nationwide population-based cohort study of 1 741 345 Israeli adolescents (42% women) who underwent comprehensive cognitive function tests at age 16-20 years, before mandatory military service, during 1987-2012.

Colour-dependent dishonesty in a game of chance.

We report an odd result of a coin-flip experiment which incentivises dishonest behaviour. Participants of two treatments were asked to flip a coin in private, of which one side was WHITE and the other side BLACK, and report the colour shown by the coin. Payoff depended on the reported colour: in one treatment WHITE was the more profitable outcome whereas in the other treatment BLACK was more profitable.

The impact on clinical outcomes after 1 year of implementation of an artificial intelligence solution for the detection of intracranial hemorrhage.

Background: To assess the effect of a commercial artificial intelligence (AI) solution implementation in the emergency department on clinical outcomes in a single level 1 trauma center.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study for two time periods-pre-AI (1.1.

MRI-based detection of cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament using a novel automated machine learning diagnostic tool.

Objective: Currently, CT is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). The objective of this study was to develop artificial intelligence (AI) software and a validated model for the identification and representation of cervical OPLL (C-OPLL) on MRI, obviating the need for spine CT.

Methods: A retrospective evaluation was performed of consecutive imaging studies of all adult patients who underwent both cervical CT and MRI for any clinical indication within a span of 36 months (between January 2017 and July 2020) in a single tertiary-care referral hospital.

Adolescent Hypertension Is Associated With Stroke in Young Adulthood: A Nationwide Cohort of 1.9 Million Adolescents.

Background: Adult hypertension is a well-established risk factor for stroke in young adults (aged <55 years), and the effects are even more deleterious than at an older age. However, data are limited regarding the association between adolescent hypertension and the risk of stroke in young adulthood.

Methods: A nationwide, retrospective cohort study of adolescents (aged 16-19 years) who were medically evaluated before compulsory military service in Israel during 1985 to 2013.

Janus Kinase-2 V617F Mutation and Antiphospholipid Syndrome in Cerebral Sinus Venous Thrombosis: Natural History and Retrospective Bicenter Analysis.

Background: Cerebral sinus venous thrombosis (CSVT) is a rare neurovascular entity, usually associated with acquired or genetic hypercoagulable states. In up to 30% of the cases it remains idiopathic. Bone marrow proliferation disorders that are associated with Janus Kinase 2 V617F mutation (JAK-2) are known causes of the systemic and cerebral thrombosis-at times despite normal blood counts-for which hematologic treatment exists.

Collective Punishment and Cheating in the Die-Under-the-Cup Task.

A popular tool in the experimental research on dishonest behavior is the die-under-the-cup (DUTC) task in which subjects roll a die in private and report the outcome to the experimenter after being promised a payoff which increases with the die's outcome. The present paper reports the results of incorporating collective punishment into the DUTC task. We ran two experiments, each involving two rounds of the task performed in a computer lab.

Resolving the Controversy in Biexciton Binding Energy of Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals through Heralded Single-Particle Spectroscopy.

Understanding exciton-exciton interaction in multiply excited nanocrystals is crucial to their utilization as functional materials. Yet, for lead halide perovskite nanocrystals, which are promising candidates for nanocrystal-based technologies, numerous contradicting values have been reported for the strength and sign of their exciton-exciton interaction. In this work, we unambiguously determine the biexciton binding energy in single cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals at room temperature.

3.0 Tesla normative diffusivity in 3rd trimester fetal brain.

Purpose: Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in the developing fetus provide valuable information on the diagnosis and prognosis of prenatal brain pathologies. Normative ADC data has been previously established in 1.5 T MR scanners but lacking in 3.

CT Perfusion collateral index in assessment of collaterals in acute ischemic stroke with delayed presentation: Comparison to single phase CTA.

Background & Purpose: Perfusion collateral index (PCI) has been recently defined as a promising measure of collateral status. We sought to compare collateral status assessed via CT-PCI in comparison to single-phase CTA and their relationship to outcome measures including final infarction volume, final recanalization status and functional outcome in ELVO patients.

Methods: ELVO patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion who had baseline CTA and CT perfusion and underwent endovascular treatment were included.

Remote ischemic preconditioning improves tissue oxygenation in a porcine model of controlled hemorrhage without fluid resuscitation.

Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) involves deliberate, brief interruptions of blood flow to increase the tolerance of distant critical organs to ischemia. This study tests the effects of limb RIPC in a porcine model of controlled hemorrhage without replacement therapy simulating an extreme field situation of delayed evacuation to definitive care. Twenty-eight pigs (47 ± 6 kg) were assigned to: (1) control, no procedure (n = 7); (2) HS = hemorrhagic shock (n = 13); and (3) RIPC + HS = remote ischemic preconditioning followed by hemorrhage (n = 8).

Body Mass Index in 1.9 Million Adolescents and Stroke in Young Adulthood.

Background And Purpose: There is a continuous rise in the prevalence of adolescent obesity and incidence of stroke among young adults in many Western countries, but the association between them is unclear.

Methods: A nationwide population-based study of 1 900 384 Israeli adolescents (58% men; mean age, 17.3 years) who were evaluated before mandatory military service during 1985 and 2013.

Surgical Management of Failed Endovascular Treatment for Spinal Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas.

Background: Spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas (SDAVFs) are rare vascular malformations. Digital subtraction angiography is the modality of choice to demonstrate the malformation before endovascular embolization or open surgical repair. Angiographically occult SDAVFs have been previously reported.

In-thrombus thrombin secretion: a new diagnostic marker of atrial fibrillation in cryptogenic stroke.

Background: Endovascularly retrieved clots are a potential resource for diagnosing stroke etiology, which may influence secondary prevention treatment. In this study we measured thrombin activity eluted by serially washing clots.

Methods: Clots were retrieved from 68 patients with acute ischemic stroke, freshly frozen and classified by standard criteria into proven atrial fibrillation (AF, 18 patients), atherosclerotic origin (AS, 15 patients), cryptogenic stroke (Cr, 17 patients) and other known causes (18 patients).

Dishonesty and mandatory mask wearing in the COVID-19 pandemic.

In an attempt to slow down the spread of the coronavirus, an increasing number of countries, including Israel, have made wearing masks mandatory for their citizens not just in close public places but also while waking in the streets. Failing to comply with this regulation entails a fine enforced by the police. Still, while many passersby do wear a mask that covers both their mouth and nose, others wear a mask improperly around their chin or neck or walk the streets wearing no mask at all.

Radiation Resistance of the U(Al, Si)₃ Alloy: Ion-Induced Disordering.

During the exploitation of nuclear reactors, various U-Al based ternary intermetallides are formed in the fuel-cladding interaction layer. Structure and physical properties of these intermetallides determine the radiation resistance of cladding and, ultimately, the reliability and lifetime of the nuclear reactor. In current research, U(Al, Si)₃ composition was studied as a potential constituent of an interaction layer.

Styloid Process Elongation on Cervical Spine Computed Tomography is Associated with the Enthesopathy-Related Diseases of Ankylosing Spondylitis and Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis.

Background: Enthesopathy may lead to calcification of the stylohyoid ligament and can cause elongation of the styloid process (SP).

Objectives: To evaluate whether SP elongation is associated with two common enthesitis-related diseases: ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH).

Methods: Cervical spine computed tomography (CT) examinations of patients with DISH (n=64, Resnick criteria), AS (n=24, New York criteria) and a controls (no radiological signs of DISH or AS, n=54) were retrospectively evaluated.

Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Value Changes and Clinical Correlation in 90 Cases of Cytomegalovirus-Infected Fetuses with Unremarkable Fetal MRI Results.

Background And Purpose: Cytomegalovirus is the leading intrauterine infection. Fetal MR imaging is an accepted tool for fetal brain evaluation, yet it still lacks the ability to accurately predict the extent of the neurodevelopmental impairment, especially in fetal MR imaging scans with unremarkable findings. Our hypothesis was that intrauterine cytomegalovirus infection causes diffusional changes in fetal brains and that those changes may correlate with the severity of neurodevelopmental deficiencies.

Discrepancy in fetal head biometry between ultrasound and MRI in suspected microcephalic fetuses.

Background Microcephaly is one of the most common fetal structural abnormalities, and prenatal microcephaly is considered a group I malformation of cortical development diagnosed according to ultrasound (US) skull measurements. Purpose To evaluate the agreement between fetal head US and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biometric measurements of suspected microcephalic fetuses. Material and Methods This institutional review board-approved retrospective study with waived informed consent included 180 pregnant women and was conducted at our medical center from March 2011 to April 2013.

The approximated cardiovascular reserve index complies with haemorrhage related hemodynamic deterioration pattern: A swine exsanguination model.

Background: To estimate the cardiovascular reserve we formulated the Cardiovascular Reserve Index (CVRI) based on physiological measurements. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pattern of CVRI in haemorrhage-related haemodynamic deterioration in an animal model simulating combat injury.

Methods: Data were collected retrospectively from a research database of swine exsanguination model in which serial physiological measurements were made under anesthesia in 12 swine of haemorrhagic injury and 5 controls.