[Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea from a transclival meningocele: A case report and literature review].

The most common site of CSF leakage is the floor of the anterior cranial fossa, and less commonly in the sphenoid sinus. Only 3-4% of CSF fistulas are spontaneous. The fourth case is presented of a CSF rhinorrhea due to a transclival meningocele, an extremely rare location for these lesions, and the surgical approach.

[Intrathoracic migration of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt catheter: a case report].

Background: The intrathoracic complications from ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement are very rare. However, they are potentially serious if not treated.

Clinical Case: We report the case of thoracic migration of a peritoneal catheter after ventriculoperitoneal shunt and we also review the literature references with discussion of the different mechanisms of shunt-tip migration described.

[Rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor of the fourth ventricle. Case report and literature review].

Introduction: Rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor (RGNT) of the fourth ventricle is a rare tumor that has been recently characterized. RGNT was included as a new glioneuronal tumor in 2007 by the World Health Organization (WHO) in classification of tumors of the central nervous system. Within this group we found 34 documented cases.

[Venous angioma with associated cerebellar haemorrhage].

Venous angiomas are a developmental anomaly in which embryonic venous drainage is still present into adulthood. They are usually asymptomatic and benign course but they can cause seizures and less commonly bleeding, usually associated to cavernous malformation. Normally, treatment is not necessary although bleeding, severe clinical and lesions in which it is possible a favourable approach, we can consider treatment.

[Chronic hypertrophic pachymeningitis: 2 clinical cases are presented].

Chronic hypertrophic pachymeningitis is an inflammatory process of unknown aetiology characterised by a thickening of the dura mater causing pseudotumoural growth. Clinical manifestations are usually secondary to compression of adjacent neurological structures but may be also secondary to inflammatory processes. Diagnosis is mainly obtained by excluding infectious, neoplastic and autoimmune causes.