Improved oral bioavailability of BCS class 2 compounds by self nano-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS): the underlying mechanisms for amiodarone and talinolol.

Purpose: Superior bioavailability of BCS Class 2 compounds incorporated into SNEDDS was previously reported. This study aims to elucidate the underlying mechanisms accountable for this phenomenon.

Methods: SNEDDS of amiodarone (AM) and talinolol were developed.

Cyclosporin nanosphere formulation for ophthalmic administration.

Cyclosporin A (CsA) is a widely used anti-inflammatory agent for the management of dry eye disease, and is available commercially as ophthalmic emulsion formulation (RESTASIS(®)). For increasing efficacy, and for reducing local toxicity including irritation to eyes, CsA nanosphere (CsA-NS) formulation was prepared and evaluated, in this work. CsA-NS formulation was prepared in a pre-concentrate form, which is a homogeneous solution of a CsA in a mixture of surfactants, lipids and solvents and provides nanosphere dispersion when added to aqueous medium.

Lipospheres and pro-nano lipospheres for delivery of poorly water soluble compounds.

Lipospheres are a drug encapsulation system composed of water dispersible solid microparticles of particle size between 0.01 and 100 μm in diameter with a solid hydrophobic lipid core stabilized by a layer of phospholipid molecules embedded in their surface. The bioactive compound is dissolved or dispersed in the solid lipid matrix of the internal core.

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone d,l polylactide nanoparticles (TRH-NPs) protect against glutamate toxicity in vitro and kindling development in vivo.

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is reported to have anticonvulsant effects in animal seizure models and certain intractable epileptic patients. However, its duration of action is limited by rapid tissue metabolism and the blood brain barrier. Direct nose-brain delivery of neuropeptides in sustained-release biodegradable nanoparticles (NPs) is a promising mode of therapy for enhancing CNS bioavailability.

Charged nanoparticles delivery to the eye using hydrogel iontophoresis.

Ocular iontophoresis has been investigated for many years as a non-invasive technique for enhancing ionized drug penetration through ocular tissues. In this study we assessed the penetration of charged fluorescent nanoparticles into rabbit eyes using hydrogel iontophoresis. Particle distribution into ocular tissues and penetration efficiency of negative nanoparticles compared with positive nanoparticles was also evaluated.