Impact of analytical treatment interruption on the central nervous system in a simian-HIV model.

Objective(s): Analytical treatment interruption (ATI) studies are often used to evaluate potential HIV cure strategies. This study was conducted to determine the impact of ATI on simian-HIV (SHIV) infection in the central nervous system.

Design: Animal study.

Central Nervous System Inflammation and Infection during Early, Nonaccelerated Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Rhesus Macaques.

Studies utilizing highly pathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) have largely focused on the immunopathology of the central nervous system (CNS) during end-stage neurological AIDS and SIV encephalitis. However, this may not model pathophysiology in earlier stages of infection. In this nonaccelerated SHIV model, plasma SHIV RNA levels and peripheral blood and colonic CD4 T cell counts mirrored early human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in humans.

CD4+ Cell infiltration into subcutaneous adipose tissue is not indicative of productively infected cells during acute SHIV infection.

Limited longitudinal data exist on the effect of HIV on adipose tissue (AT). We found an increase in CD4+ cells and detectable SHIV-RNA in AT during acute SHIV infection. SHIV-RNA+ cells were rare, suggesting that AT is unlikely to be a major source of productively infected cells in SHIV infection.

Bacterial community associated with the intestinal tract of P. monodon in commercial farms.

The potentially important roles of intestinal bacteria on immune response, disease resistance, and nutrition for the black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon have been increasingly investigated. However, so far, little is known about the intestinal bacterial community of the shrimp in the commercial aquaculture settings. In this study, the intestinal bacterial communities of juvenile P.

MAML1 regulates cell viability via the NF-κB pathway in cervical cancer cell lines.

The Notch signaling pathway plays important roles in tumorigenesis in a context-dependent manner. In human cervical cancer, alterations in Notch signaling have been reported, and both tumor-suppressing and tumor-promoting roles of Notch signaling have been proposed; however, the precise molecular mechanisms governing these roles in cervical cancer remain controversial. MAML is a transcriptional co-activator originally identified by its role in Notch signaling.