Effective compound combination of Bufei Yishen formula ameliorates PM2.5-induced COPD by inhibiting mitochondrial oxidative stress through SIRT3-mediated FOXO3 deacetylation.

Background: Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure significantly contributes to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the underlying mechanisms remain inadequately elucidated, and there is a lack of effective clinical treatments.