Cytochrome P450-derived Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acid, the Regulation of Cardiovascular-related Diseases, and the Implication for Pulmonary Hypertension.

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenases metabolize arachidonic acid (AA) into biologically active epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), forming a pivotal metabolic pathway (AA-CYP-EETs-soluble epoxide hydrolase-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids) implicated in the progression of various disorders. Inflammation is a key contributor to the onset and progression of numerous systemic diseases, and EETs play a significant role in mitigating inflammation. Extensive research highlights the cardiovascular protective effects of EETs, which include vasodilation, anti-hypertensive, and anti-atherosclerotic properties.

Tumor Size as a Predictive Indicator for Lymph Node Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: An Inverted L-Shaped Curve Analysis Based on the SEER Database.

Background: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) frequently metastasises to lymph nodes, with lymph node metastasis (LNM) occurring with high frequency in small, early-stage tumors. The present study examines the inverse l-shaped relationship between tumor size and the likelihood of LNM in patients diagnosed with PTC.

Methods: We performed a detailed retrospective cohort analysis of 48,021 cases of papillary thyroid cancer using data from the Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from 1992 to 2019.

Ketamine attenuates kidney damage and depression-like behaviors in mice with cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious condition characterized by decreased urine output, often accompanied by psychiatric symptoms like depression. However, there are limited pharmacological treatments available for AKI and its associated depressive symptoms. In this study, we investigated whether cisplatin-induced AKI in mice leads to depression-like behaviors and whether ketamine could alleviate both the kidney injury and these behaviors.

Metabolic alterations in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells treated with PDGF-BB.

Background: Metabolic abnormalities are considered to play a key regulatory role in vascular remodeling of pulmonary arterial hypertension. However, to date, there is a paucity of research documenting the changes in metabolome profiles within the supernatants of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC) during their transition from a contractile to a synthetic phenotype.

Methods: CCK-8 and Edu staining assays were used to evaluate the cell viability and proliferation of human PASMCs.

Crystalline silica-induced recruitment and immuno-imbalance of CD4 tissue resident memory T cells promote silicosis progression.

Occupational crystalline silica (CS) particle exposure leads to silicosis. The burden of CS-associated disease remains high, and treatment options are limited due to vague mechanisms. Here we show that pulmonary CD4 tissue-resident memory T cells (T) accumulate in response to CS particles, mediating the pathogenesis of silicosis.

Crystalline silica-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress promotes the pathogenesis of silicosis by augmenting proinflammatory interstitial pulmonary macrophages.

Crystalline silica (CS) particles are ubiquitously present in the environment, particularly in occupational settings, and exposure to respirable CS causes silicosis, imposing a significant disease burden. However, the pathogenesis of silicosis remains unclear. Exposure to external stimuli, such as CS, leads to the accumulation of unfolded proteins and triggers endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, disrupting tissue immune homeostasis and accelerating pathological progression.

The changes of blood-based inflammatory biomarkers after non-pharmacologic interventions for chronic low back pain: a systematic review.

Background: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a prevalent and debilitating condition, leading to significant challenges to both patients and the governmental healthcare system. Non-pharmacologic interventions have received increasing attention as potential strategies to alleviate chronic low back pain and improve patient outcomes. The aim of this systematic review was to comprehensively assess the changes in blood inflammatory biomarkers after non-pharmacologic interventions for CLBP patients, thus trying to understand the complex interactions between non-pharmacologic interventions and inflammatory biomarker changes in CLBP.

Association of TyG index and central obesity with hypertension in middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults: a prospective cohort study.

Triglyceride glucose index (TyG) and waist circumstance have been well documented to be highly correlated with hypertension. However, the joint effect of waist circumstance and TyG on the risk of hypertension is unknown in middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between TyG and the risk of new-onset hypertension in middle-aged and elderly Chinese individuals with different waist circumstances.

Pickering Emulsions Stabilized by Conjugated Zein-Soybean Polysaccharides Nanoparticles: Fabrication, Characterization and Functional Performance.

This study aims to fabricate zein-based colloidal nanoparticles, which were used to stabilize Pickering emulsions, by conjugation with soybean polysaccharide (SSPS) through the Maillard reaction. The physicochemical properties of the conjugated particles as well as the physical and oxidative stability of the fabricated Pickering emulsion that utilized conjugated colloidal particles with the volumetric ratio of water and oil at 50:50 were investigated. The grafting degree of zein and SSPS was verified through examination of FT-IR and fluorescence.

A new andrographolide derivative ADA targeting SIRT3-FOXO3a signaling mitigates cognitive impairment by activating mitophagy and inhibiting neuroinflammation in Apoe4 mice.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases and mitophagy deficit was identified as the typical abnormality in early stage of AD. The neuroprotective effect of andrographolide (AGA) has been confirmed, anda acetylated derivative of AGA (3,14,19-triacetylandrographolide, ADA) was considered to have stronger efficacy.

Purpose: The current study aims to investigate the impact of ADA on cognitive ability in a sporadic AD model and explore its potential mechanism.

Targeting mitophagy for depression amelioration: a novel therapeutic strategy.

Major depressive disorder is a global psychiatric condition characterized by persistent low mood and anhedonia, which seriously jeopardizes the physical and mental well-being of affected individuals. While various hypotheses have been proposed to explicate the etiology of depression, the precise pathogenesis and effective treatment of this disorder remain elusive. Mitochondria, as the primary organelles responsible for cellular energy production, possess the ability to meet the essential energy demands of the brain.

Crystalline Silica-Induced Proinflammatory Interstitial Macrophage Recruitment through Notch3 Signaling Promotes the Pathogenesis of Silicosis.

Crystalline silica (CS) particles are ubiquitous in the environment, especially in occupational conditions, and exposure to respirable CS causes silicosis. The initial response to CS is mediated by innate immunity, where pulmonary macrophages act as central orchestrators. However, the repercussions of CS on functionally distinct macrophage subsets remain to be inconclusive.

A Bandpass Filter Realized by Using Pixel Structure and Genetic Algorithm Optimization.

This paper presents a flexible method for designing a bandpass filter (BPF) using pixel structure and genetic algorithm (GA) optimization. The pixel structure is made up of a grid of metallic microstrip stubs, and the GA is utilized to determine the connections between these stubs. The pixel structure enables the construction of step impedance and shunt branches, which are used to design a traditional BPF.

Role of macrophages in pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe cardiopulmonary vascular disease characterized by progressive pulmonary artery pressure elevation, increased pulmonary vascular resistance and ultimately right heart failure. Studies have demonstrated the involvement of multiple immune cells in the development of PAH in patients with PAH and in experimental PAH. Among them, macrophages, as the predominant inflammatory cells infiltrating around PAH lesions, play a crucial role in exacerbating pulmonary vascular remodeling in PAH.

Baicalein ameliorates Alzheimer's disease via orchestration of CX3CR1/NF-κB pathway in a triple transgenic mouse model.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common chronic neurodegenerative disease. Some studies have suggested that dysregulation of microglia activation and the resulting neuroinflammation play an important role in the development of AD pathology. Activated microglia have both M1 and M2 phenotypes and inhibition of M1 phenotype while stimulating M2 phenotype has been considered as a potential treatment for neuroinflammation-related diseases.

Myricetin improves pathological changes in 3×Tg-AD mice by regulating the mitochondria-NLRP3 inflammasome-microglia channel by targeting P38 MAPK signaling pathway.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents the common neurodegenerative disease featured by the manifestations of cognitive impairment and memory loss. AD could be alleviated with medication and improving quality of life. Clinical treatment of AD is mainly aimed at improving the cognitive function of patients.

Loganin alleviated cognitive impairment in 3×Tg-AD mice through promoting mitophagy mediated by optineurin.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Corni Fructus is a traditional Chinese herb and widely applied for treatment of age-related disorders in China. Iridoid glycoside was considered as the active ingredient of Corni Fructus. Loganin is one of the major iridoid glycosides and quality control components of Corni Fructus.

Sustained-Drug-Release, Strong, and Anti-Swelling Water-Lipid Biphasic Hydrogels Prepared via Digital Light Processing 3D Printing for Protection against Osteoarthritis: Demonstration in a Porcine Model.

Osteoarthritis is a serious disease affecting joint cartilage. Owing to poor blood supply, the meniscus and acetabular labrum of joints heal poorly after injury. However, the development of artificial alternatives to these components that have similar mechanical properties and cartilage-protection ability is challenging.

Characteristics of exercise intolerance in different subgroups of pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart disease.

Background: Exercise intolerance is a major manifestation of pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart disease (PAH-CHD). We aimed to investigate the characteristics of exercise intolerance in different subgroups of PAH-CHD.

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 171 adult patients with PAH-CHD and 30 age and sex-matched healthy subjects and performed cardiopulmonary exercise testing.

A Universal and Simple Method to Obtain Hydrogels with Combined Extreme Mechanical Properties and Their Application as Tendon Substitutes.

With the development of biomedical engineering, the preparation of hydrogels with combined extreme mechanical properties similar to those of some biological hydrogels becomes an important research topic for scientists. In this work, a single-network hydrogel with combined extreme mechanical properties is prepared through a simple and universal method, wherein the strength, elongation at break, toughness, and fracture energy of the hydrogel WPU-3PAAm-6PAN are achieved at 24.7 MPa, 544.