Virtual reality training improves accommodative facility and accommodative range.

Aim: To evaluate the effects of virtual reality (VR) training on different parameters of vision.

Methods: Sixty individuals ranged 18-60 years old with asthenopia were randomly divided into short-term (=40) and long-term (=20) treatment groups. They were given a specially designed VR training device only once for 15min or 3-4 times a day for 15min each time for 1mo.

The relationship between major intrinsic protein genes and cataract.

Background: Genetic factors play an essential role in the development of cataracts, and the major intrinsic protein (MIP) gene is a type of causative genes. Our study aims to discuss the current research progress of MIP genes responsible for cataractogenesis in DNA and protein levels, which is essential in achieving a response to the molecular deficiencies and pathophysiologic features of cataract.

Methods: We developed a search strategy using a combination of the words "Cataract", "Mutation", "MIP gene", and "AQP0" to identify all articles from PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar up to December 2019.

The Effects of Consumer-grade Virtual Reality Headsets on Adult Visual Function.

Introduction: Consumer-grade virtual reality (VR) headset is being used with increasing frequency nowadays, however, the effect on visual function is not clear.

Objectives: We here investigate whether using VR headset changes adults' visual function and take into account the possible factors.

Methods: We compared the uncorrected distant visual acuity (UDVA), uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), low contrast visual acuity (LCVA), glare visual acuity (GVA), refractive error (RE), amplitude of accommodation (ACC), and pupil diameter (PD) before and after using VR headset 10 mintues at a time twice per day for 2 successive weeks in 40 volunteers with a mean age of 28.

Outcomes of 4 surgical adjuvants used for internal limiting membrane peeling in macular hole surgery: a systematic review and network Meta-analysis.

Aim: To compare the outcomes of four adjuvants used for internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling in macular hole surgery, including indocyanine green (ICG), brilliant blue G (BBG), triamcinolone (TA) and trypan blue (TB), through systematic review and random-effects Bayesian network Meta-analysis.

Methods: PubMed, Cochrane library databases and Web of Science were searched until August 2018 for clinical trials comparing the above four adjuvants. ORs for postoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improvement and primary macular hole closure rates were compared between the different adjuvants.

[Clinical practice guidelines for Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy].

Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a genetic disease featuring maternal inheritance. mtDNA m.11778G>A, m.

Genetic and Functional Analyses of Two Missense Mutations in the Transcription Factor FOXL2 in Two Chinese Families with Blepharophimosis-Ptosis-Epicanthus Inversus Syndrome.

Background: Blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus inversus syndrome (BPES) is a rare autosomal-dominant inherited disease. This study was carried out to investigate the genetic and functional changes within the FOXL2 gene in two Chinese families with BPES.

Materials And Methods: DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of 26 persons from two different Chinese BPES families (13 of which were affected), as well as 200 cataract patients to act as normal controls.

Phenotype-genotype correlation with Sanger sequencing identified retinol dehydrogenase 12 (RDH12) compound heterozygous variants in a Chinese family with Leber congenital amaurosis.

Background: Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) is a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous retinal dystrophy. To date, 22 genes are known to be responsible for LCA, and some specific phenotypic features could provide significant prognostic information for a potential genetic etiology. This study is to identify gene variants responsible for LCA in a Chinese family using direct Sanger sequencing, with the help of phenotype-genotype correlations.

Pediatric Posttraumatic Endophthalmitis in China for Twenty Years.

Pediatric posttraumatic endophthalmitis (PTE) is a rare but serious disease that frequently has a poor visual prognosis. To date, only a few English studies have focused on this disease. We perform a systematic review of the Chinese literature on pediatric PTE and describe the epidemiology, management, causative organisms, and visual acuity outcomes of reported cases in twenty years.

The role of microRNAs in myopia.

Purpose: In recent years, research on microRNAs (miRNAs) has become popular because of the critical role these macromolecules play in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Recent efforts have been made to identify miRNAs and their possible roles in myopia. The aim of this review was to summarize the expression and function of miRNAs during the development of myopia.

A Meta-analysis of the association between different genotypes (, and ) of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy and visual prognosis.

Aim: To analyze the influences of different genotypes (, and ) of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) on visual prognosis.

Methods: After a systematic literature search, all relevant studies evaluating the association between the three primary mutations of LHON and visual prognosis were included. All statistical tests were calculated with Revman 5.

A Head-Mounted Spectacle Frame for the Study of Mouse Lens-Induced Myopia.

The mouse model has been widely employed to explore the mysteries of myopia. For now, existing techniques for induction of experimental myopia in mice can be classified into three types: (1) devices directly glued to the fur; (2) devices attached using a combination of glue and sutures; (3) devices attached using a skull-mounted apparatus. These techniques each have its advantages, disadvantages when considering the devices stability, safety, complexity, effectiveness, and so forth.

Comparison of Standard Automated Perimetry, Short-Wavelength Automated Perimetry, and Frequency-Doubling Technology Perimetry to Monitor Glaucoma Progression.

Detection of progression is paramount to the clinical management of glaucoma. Our goal is to compare the performance of standard automated perimetry (SAP), short-wavelength automated perimetry (SWAP), and frequency-doubling technology (FDT) perimetry in monitoring glaucoma progression.Longitudinal data of paired SAP, SWAP, and FDT from 113 eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma enrolled in the Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study or the African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study were included.

Topical Use of NaCl Solution with Different Concentration Affects Lens Transparency in Anesthetized Mice.

Purpose: To study the influence of NaCl solution with different concentration on lens transparency in anesthetized mice.

Methods: Four kinds of NaCl solution with different concentration were prepared as eye drops to imply graded osmolarity (100, 300, 500 and 1000 mOsmol/kg). Five groups of anesthetized mice were set-up to induce lens opacity, in which four groups were treated with NaCl solution and another group naturally exposed to air.

Illumination from light-emitting diodes (LEDs) disrupts pathological cytokines expression and activates relevant signal pathways in primary human retinal pigment epithelial cells.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the aged people. The latest systemic review of epidemiological investigations revealed that excessive light exposure increases the risk of AMD. With the drastically increasing use of high-energy light-emitting diodes (LEDs) light in our domestic environment nowadays, it is supposed to pose a potential oxidative threat to ocular health.

Ocular Trauma Score in Siderosis Bulbi With Retained Intraocular Foreign Body.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristic and visual outcome of siderosis bulbi with retained intraocular foreign body (IOFB) and to validate the predictive value of the Ocular Trauma Score (OTS) in siderosis bulbi. Certain numerical values rendered to the OTS variables at present were summated (Table 1) and converted into 5 OTS categories as performed in the OTS study. The prognostic value of OTS was first assessed in cases of siderosis bulbi resulting from a chemical reaction of retained IOFBs.

Down-Regulation of miR-146a Expression Induces Allergic Conjunctivitis in Mice by Increasing TSLP Level.

Background: Pollen is the most common aeroallergen to cause conjunctivitis. In this study, we established a short ragweed (SRW)-induced mouse model of allergic conjunctivitis (AC) and aimed to explore the potential role of miR-146a and its downstream molecules in the development of ocular allergic inflammation.

Material And Methods: The mouse model of challenge pollen was used for in vivo study.

Long-Term Observation of Coexistence of Posterior Polymorphous Corneal Dystrophy, Resultant High Myopia and Nonkeratoconic Developing Corneal Astigmatism: A Case Report of 7-Year Tracking in a Chinese Boy.

Posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy (PPCD) is an extremely rare, bilateral, and inherited disorder, which affects the corneal endothelium and Descemet's membrane. Few PPCD cases in Chinese patients have been published so far. As far as we know, there are few studies which focused on the associations between PPCD and high myopia either.

A randomised, parallel-group comparison study of diquafosol ophthalmic solution in patients with dry eye in China and Singapore.

Aims: To compare the efficacy and safety of 3% diquafosol ophthalmic solution with those of 0.1% sodium hyaluronate ophthalmic solution in patients with dry eye in China and Singapore.

Methods: A total of 497 patients with dry eye (Schirmer's test, 5 mm; fluorescein and RB score, 3 points) from China and Singapore were randomised to receive either diquafosol ophthalmic solution (diquafosol) or sodium hyaluronate ophthalmic solution (HA) at 1:1 ratio.

Pre-operative visual evaluation for implantable collamer lenses in highly myopic eyes.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate a clinical procedure based on trial rigid gas-permeable (RGP) contact lenses fitting to assess the real pre-operative visual acuity (VA) of highly myopic eyes undergoing surgery with an implantable collamer lens.

Methods: Highly myopic eyes with a spectacle visual acuity (SVA) of 0.2 logMAR (6/9.

Identification of a novel mutation in a Chinese family with Nance-Horan syndrome by whole exome sequencing.

Objective: Nance-Horan syndrome (NHS) is a rare X-linked disorder characterized by congenital nuclear cataracts, dental anomalies, and craniofacial dysmorphisms. Mental retardation was present in about 30% of the reported cases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the genetic and clinical features of NHS in a Chinese family.

Effects of white light-emitting diode (LED) light exposure with different correlated color temperatures (CCTs) on human lens epithelial cells in culture.

Cataract is the major cause for legal blindness in the world. Oxidative stress on the lens epithelial cells (hLECs) is the most important factor in cataract formation. Cumulative light-exposure from widely used light-emitting diodes (LEDs) may pose a potential oxidative threat to the lens epithelium, due to the high-energy blue light component in the white-light emission from diodes.

Orbital Rosai-Dorfman Disease in a fifty-eight years old woman.

Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is rare and characterized by histiocytic proliferation and massive cervical lymphadenopathy. About 40% of patients have extra-nodal involvement. Opthalmic involvement is seen in 10% of cases.

Retinal nerve fiber layer in primary open-angle glaucoma with high myopia determined by optical coherence tomography and scanning laser polarimetry.

Background: Fundus changes associated with high myopia (HM) may mask those associated with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). This study aim to determine the characteristics of RNFL thickness changes in patients with both POAG and HM and compare these to changes in patients with only HM. The diagnostic capabilities of both OCT and GDxVCC in this subset of patients are also evaluated.