Toxoplasma gondii excreted-secreted antigens suppress Foxp3 via PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway.

Toxoplasma gondii excreted-secreted antigens (ESA) cause spontaneous abortion or fetal teratogenesis during the pregnancy in mice, especially in the early stage. Those adverse pregnancy outcomes are due to the deficit in regulatory T cells (Tregs). Forkhead box P3 (Foxp3), a critical transcription factor, modulates Tregs differentiation and its function.