Ameliorating macrophage pyroptosis via ANXA1/NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD pathway：Ac2-26/OGP-loaded intelligent hydrogel enhances bone healing in diabetic periodontitis.

Craniofacial bone defect healing in periodontitis patients with diabetes background has long been difficult due to increased blood glucose levels which cause overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a low pH environment. These conditions negatively affect the function of macrophages, worsen inflammation and oxidative stress, and ultimately, hinder osteoblasts' bone repair potential. In this study, we for the first time found that ANXA1 expression in macrophages was reduced in a diabetic periodontitis environment, with the activation of the NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathway, and, eventually, increased macrophage pyroptosis.

Lhx6 deficiency causes human embryonic palatal mesenchymal cell mitophagy dysfunction in cleft palate.

Background: Overconsumption of retinoic acid (RA) or its analogues/derivatives has been linked to severe craniomaxillofacial malformations, such as cleft palate and midface hypoplasia. It has been noted that RA disturbed the proliferation and migration of embryonic palatal mesenchymal (EPM) cells in these malformations, yet the exact mechanisms underlying these disruptions remained unclear.

Methods: A model of retinoic acid (RA)-induced cleft palate in fetal mice was successfully established.