Leaf Dry Matter Content Is Phylogenetically Conserved and Related to Environmental Conditions, Especially Wildfire Activity.

Leaf dry matter content (LDMC) is an important determinant of plant flammability. Investigating global patterns of LDMC could provide insights into worldwide plant flammability patterns, informing wildfire management. We characterised global patterns of LDMC across 4074 species from 216 families, revealing that phylogenetic and environmental constraints influence LDMC.

End-to-End Crystal Structure Prediction from Powder X-Ray Diffraction.

Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) is a prevalent technique in materials characterization. While the analysis of PXRD often requires extensive human manual intervention, and most automated method only achieved at coarse-grained level. The more difficult and important task of fine-grained crystal structure prediction from PXRD remains unaddressed.

S100 calcium-binding protein A8 exacerbates deep vein thrombosis in vascular endothelial cells.

Previous studies highlighting the pivotal function of the S100A8 protein have shown that inflammation and vascular endothelial harm play a major role in deep vein thrombosis (DVT) development, as evidenced by earlier studies highlighting the pivotal function of the S100 calcium-binding protein A8 (S100A8). Therefore, we aimed to establish a connection between S100A8 and DVT and investigate the role of S100A8 in DVT development. Blood specimens were taken from 23 patients with DVT and 31 controls.

Inflammatory markers predict efficacy of immunotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a preliminary exploratory study.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyze the predictive value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte count to monocyte count ratio (LMR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), platelet count multiplied by neutrophil count to lymphocyte count ratio (SII), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), packed cell volume (PCV), and plateletcrit (PCT) levels in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.

Materials And Methods: From March 2019 to August 2023, we screened 104 of 153 patients with stage III unresectable local advanced NSCLC and IV NSCLC who received PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy at our hospital and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria for analysis. All patients were collected for clinical information, including baseline blood indicator (NLR, PLR, LMR, SII, CRP, RDW, PCV and PCT) levels before PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy and blood indicator levels and imaging evaluation results every two cycles after PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy.

Application of biomass carbon dots in food packaging.

Since its discovery, carbon quantum dots (CDs) have been widely applied in cell imaging, drug delivery, biosensing, and photocatalysis due to their excellent water solubility, chemical stability, fluorescence stability biocompatibility, low toxicity, and preparation cost. However, the low fluorescence yield and poor surface structure limit the application of CDs. Heteroatom doping is considered an ideal method to improve CDs' optical and electrical properties.

Immunopathogenesis and immunotherapy of diabetes-associated periodontitis.

Objectives: This paper aims to review the immunopathogenesis of Diabetes-associated periodontitis (DPD) and to propose a description of the research progress of drugs with potential clinical value from an immunotherapeutic perspective.

Materials And Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and the Cochrane Library. Inclusion criteria were studies on the association between diabetes and periodontitis using the Boolean operator "AND" for association between diabetes and periodontitis, with no time or language restrictions.

The tight balance state and mechanism of disaster-resilient resources in karst small towns: a Chinese karst landform case study.

Karst small towns globally face challenges due to limited disaster-resilient resources, making it difficult to handle increasingly severe disaster environments. Improving the efficiency of disaster-resilient resource utilization and maintaining a tight balance state of disaster-resilient resources (TBS) are crucial for enhancing disaster adaptability and resilience. This study used urban and disaster data from a representative karst region in China (2017-2021) to conduct a quantitative analysis of TBS in karst small towns, exploring the mechanisms and interactions within this state and identifying obstacle factors.

Clinical characteristics of IgG4-related retroperitoneal fibrosis in a cohort of 117 patients with idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis: a retrospective study.

Objective: Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) is a rare condition marked by inflammation and fibrosis affecting the peritoneal and retroperitoneal soft tissues. In recent years, the identification of IgG4-related diseases has brought to light a significant association with fibrous disorders, including RPF, which were once considered independent. In this comprehensive cohort study, we performed a comparative analysis of the demographic, clinical, laboratory, histopathological, and therapeutic characteristics between patients with IgG4-related RPF and those with idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis (iRPF).

Atrophic meibomian gland dysfunction induced by eyelid margin cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen.

To develop an atrophic Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD) animal model via liquid nitrogen cryotherapy, the eyelid edges of C57 mice exposure to liquid nitrogen for 30 s. Morphology of MG and ocular surface were assessed using stereomicroscopy and a slit lamp microscope at multiple time points post-injury. Acinar loss and atrophy were observed from day 7, with increased inflammation and apoptosis, and decreased proliferation in acinar cells.

A small object detection model in aerial images based on CPDD-YOLOv8.

Aerial images can cover a wide area and capture rich scene information. These images are often taken from a high altitude and contain many small objects. It is difficult to detect small objects accurately because their features are not obvious and are susceptible to background interference.

Jianwei Xiaoshi oral liquid attenuates high-calorie diet-induced dyspepsia in immature rats via regulating the pancreatic secretion pathway and maintaining the homeostasis of intestinal microbiota.

Background: Jianwei Xiaoshi oral liquid (JWXS), a classical traditional prescription comprising various edible medicinal plants, has demonstrated significant efficacy in treating paediatric indigestion. It originates from Jianpi Pill, which is developed in the Ming Dynasty and nourishes the spleen and regulates gastrointestinal function. However, the specific molecular mechanisms involved remain unclear.

Two-dimensional cell membrane chromatography guided screening of myocardial protective compounds from Yindan Xinnaotong soft capsule.

Background: Cell membrane chromatography (CMC) is a biochromatography with a dual function of recognition and separation, offering a distinct advantage in screening bioactive compounds from Chinese medicines (CMs). Yindan Xinnaotong soft capsule (YD), a CM formulation, has been widely utilized in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. However, a comprehensive mapping of the myocardial protective active compounds remains elusive.

Factors related to the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a retrospective case-control study.

Objectives: To explore the factors related to the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Methods: 80 COPD patients treated between January 2020 and December 2022. The patients' pulmonary functions at their first hospital admission were categorized into four groups: Grade I, Grade II, Grade III and Grade IV.

Visualized neural network-based vibration control for pigeon-like flexible flapping wings.

This study investigates pigeon-like flexible flapping wings, which are known for their low energy consumption, high flexibility, and lightweight design. However, such flexible flapping wing systems are prone to deformation and vibration during flight, leading to performance degradation. It is thus necessary to design a control method to effectively manage the vibration of flexible wings.

Toxicity and intergenerational accumulation effect of tire wear particles and their leachate on Brachionus plicatilis.

Tire wear particles (TWP) are one of the main sources of microplastic (MP) pollution in the marine environment, causing adverse effects on marine life and attracting increasing attention. This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition of TWP (particles and leachate) and their toxic effects on Brachionus plicatilis. The results showed that Zn and acenaphthene were the most frequently detected compounds in the three TWP treatments.

Ribosome profiling reveals dynamic translational landscape in HEK293T cells following X-ray irradiation.

X-ray irradiation induces widespread changes in gene expression. Positioned at the bottom of the central dogma, translational regulation responds swiftly to environmental stimuli, fine-tuning protein levels. However, the global view of mRNA translation following X-ray exposure remains unclear.

A pipeline for harmonising NHS Scotland laboratory data to enable national-level analyses.

Objective: Medical laboratory data together with prescribing and hospitalisation records are three of the most used electronic health records (EHRs) for data-driven health research. In Scotland, hospitalisation, prescribing and the death register data are available nationally whereas laboratory data is captured, stored and reported from local health board systems with significant heterogeneity. For researchers or other users of this regionally curated data, working on laboratory datasets across regional cohorts requires effort and time.

Characterization and film-forming properties of collagen from three species of sea cucumber from the South China Sea: Emphasizing the effect of transglutaminase.

This study aimed to investigate the structural characteristics of Stichopus horrens collagen (SHC), Holothuria scabra collagen (HSC), and Holothuria leucospilota collagen (HLC) and to assess the effect of transglutaminase (TGase) on their film-forming properties. The results indicated that the collagens from three species of sea cucumbers were type I collagen with a complete triple helical structure. The thermal denaturation temperature of HLC (34.

Local structural-functional coupling with counterfactual explanations for epilepsy prediction.

The structural-functional brain connections coupling (SC-FC coupling) describes the relationship between white matter structural connections and the corresponding functional activation or functional connections. It has been widely used to identify brain disorders. However, the existing research on SC-FC coupling focuses on global and regional scales, and few studies have investigated the impact of brain disorders on this relationship from the perspective of multi-brain region cooperation (i.

Biotic factors shape the structure and dynamics of denitrifying communities within cyanobacterial aggregates.

Eutrophication caused by human activities has severely impacted freshwater ecosystems, leading to harmful cyanobacterial blooms that threaten water quality and ecosystem stability. During blooms, denitrification is a key process for nitrogen removal, which can occur both in the sediment and in the waterbody mediated by cyanobacterial aggregate (CA)-associated microorganisms. In this study, the structure, dynamics and assembly mechanisms of CA-associated nirK-, nirS-, and nosZ-encoding denitrifying communities were investigated in the eutrophic Lake Taihu across the bloom season.

Xinnaoxin capsule alleviates neuropathological changes and cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease mouse model induced by D-galactose and aluminum chloride via reducing neuroinflammation and protecting synaptic proteins.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Originally formulated to mitigate high-altitude sickness, Xinnaoxin capsules (XNX) are composed of three traditional Chinese medicines (Rhodiola rosea L., Lycium barbarum L. and Hippophae rhamnoides) with properties of anti-hypoxia, anti-fatigue, and anti-aging.

Cucurbitacin IIb mitigates concanavalin A-induced acute liver injury by suppressing M1 macrophage polarization.

Cucurbitacins are a class of triterpenoid compounds extracted from plants and possess various pharmacological applications. Cucurbitacin IIb (CuIIb), extracted from the medicinal plant Hemsleya amabilis (Cucurbitaceae), has served as a traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of bacterial dysentery and intestinal inflammation. CuIIb has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity; however, the protective effect of CuIIb against concanavalin A (Con A)-induced acute liver injury (ALI) and the fundamental mechanism remain unelucidated.

A small-molecule enhancer of STAT1 affects herpes simplex keratitis prognosis by mediating plasmacytoid dendritic cells migration through CXCR3/CXCL10.

Herpes simplex keratitis (HSK) is a prevalent infectious corneal disorder. This study aims to explore the role of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) in HSK, an area that remains underexplored. The investigation centers on the effects of a STAT1 transcription enhancer, 2-NP, on pDCs and its underlying mechanisms.

The symbiont Wolbachia increases resistance to bifenthrin in Ectropis grisescens by regulating the host detoxification function.

The global issue of insecticide resistance among pests is a major concern. Ectropis grisescens Warren (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), is a highly destructive leaf-eating pest distributed in tea plantations throughout China and Japan, and has exhibited resistance to various insecticides. Recent studies suggest that insect symbionts play a role in influencing insecticide resistance, however, their specific involvement in E.

Maternal exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics during gestation and lactation caused fertility decline in female mouse offspring.

The impact of micro/nano plastics (MPs/NPs) on human health is a significant area of research. Studies on the effects of maternal exposure to microplastics (MPs) on the fertility in offspring have been conducted, but the damage caused by nanoplastics (NPs) remains ambiguous. In this study, pregnant Kunming mice were exposed to 30 mg/kg/day PS-NPs from 0.