Dietary astaxanthin-rich extract ameliorates atherosclerosis/retinopathy and restructures gut microbiome in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice fed on a high-fat diet.

: Atherosclerosis (AS) is the leading cause of ischemic disease. However, the anti-AS effects of astaxanthin and its potential mechanisms remain unclear. This study is aimed to investigate the function of astaxanthin-rich extract (ASTE) on AS and gut microbiota as well as the difference from atorvastatin (ATO) in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE) mice.

Phlorizin alleviates cholinergic memory impairment and regulates gut microbiota in d-galactose induced mice.

We explored the effect of phlorizin against cholinergic memory impairment and dysbacteriosis in D-galactose induced ICR mice. The control (CON) group, D-galactose model (DGM) group, and three groups (DG-PL, DG-PM, DG-PH) treated with phlorizin at 0.01%, 0.

Blue honeysuckle extracts retarded starch digestion by inhibiting glycosidases and changing the starch structure.

Blue honeysuckle rich in anthocyanins can inhibit starch-digesting enzyme activity. This study evaluated the inhibitory effect and mechanism of blue honeysuckle extract (BHE) on glycosidases (α-amylase and α-glucosidase). BHE was a mixed glycosidase inhibitor with an IC of 2.

Dietary Supplementation of Black Rice Anthocyanin Extract Regulates Cholesterol Metabolism and Improves Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in C57BL/6J Mice Fed a High-Fat and Cholesterol Diet.

Scope: This study explores the beneficial effects of dietary supplementation of black rice anthocyanin extract (BRAE) on cholesterol metabolism and gut dysbiosis.

Methods And Results: C57BL/6J mice are grouped into the normal chow diet group (NCD), the high-fat and the cholesterol diet group (HCD), and three treatment groups feeding HCD supplemented with various dosage of BRAE for 12 weeks. Results reveal that BRAE alleviates the increased body weight, serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (non-HDL-C), and increased fecal sterols excretion and caecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentration in HCD-induced hypercholesterolemic mice.

Interaction mechanism of carnosic acid against glycosidase (α-amylase and α-glucosidase).

Inhibition the activity of glycosidase is an effective method for the treatment and prevention of diabetes. In this study, enzymatic kinetics, fluorescence spectrum experiment, starch granule digestion, molecular docking studies and animal's studies were used to investigate the interaction mechanism of carnosic acid against two glycosidase (α-amylase and α-glucosidase). Enzymatic kinetics showed that carnosic acid inhibited α-amylase activity in a competitive manner and α-glucosidase activity in a non-competitive manner.