Insights into ACO genes across Rosaceae: evolution, expression, and regulatory networks in fruit development.

Background: ACO (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid) serves as a pivotal enzyme within the plant ethylene synthesis pathway, exerting influence over critical facets of plant biology such as flowering, fruit ripening, and seed development.

Objective: This study aims to identify ACO genes from representative Rosaceae genomes, reconstruct their phylogenetic relationships by integrating synteny information, and investigate their expression patterns and networks during fruit development.

Methods: we utilize a specialized Hidden Markov Model (HMM), crafted on the sequence attributes of ACO gene-encoded proteins, to systematically identify and analyze ACO gene family members across 12 representative species within the Rosaceae botanical family.

In Situ Construction of TiC-TiSiC Gradient Hybrid Interphase Coated SiC Fibers for Suppression of Specular Reflection and Non-Specular Scattering.

TiC-TiSiC gradient hybrid interphase on the surface of SiC fibers was successfully obtained through the molten salt method. The electromagnetic parameters of the prepared samples can be accurately controlled by adjusting the reaction temperature. A significant bimodal effect is observed in electromagnetic parameters patterns, corresponding to the double interface layer.

mediates chlorophyll synthesis and iron transport under iron deficiency in .

Iron (Fe) plays an important role in cellular respiration and catalytic reactions of metalloproteins in plants and animals. Plants maintain iron homeostasis through absorption, translocation, storage, and compartmentalization of iron a cooperative regulative network. Here, we showed different physiological characteristics in the leaves and roots of under Fe sufficiency and Fe deficiency conditions and propose that (elongated hypocotyl 5), an important transcription factor for its function in photomorphogenesis, participated in Fe deficiency response in both the leaves and roots of .

Genome-Wide Analysis of the WRKY Gene Family in Malus domestica and the Role of MdWRKY70L in Response to Drought and Salt Stresses.

The WRKY transcription factors are unique regulatory proteins in plants, which are important in the stress responses of plants. In this study, 113 WRKY genes were identified from the apple genome GDDH13 and a comprehensive analysis was performed, including chromosome mapping, and phylogenetic, motif and collinearity analysis. MdWRKYs are expressed in different tissues, such as seeds, flowers, stems and leaves.

Insights into the effect of human civilization on Malus evolution and domestication.

The evolutionary history of the Malus genus has not been well studied. In the current study, we presented genetic evidence on the origin of the Malus genus based on genome sequencing of 297 Malus accessions, revealing the genetic relationship between wild species and cultivated apples. Our results demonstrated that North American and East Asian wild species are closer to the outgroup (pear) than Central Asian species, and hybrid species including natural (separated before the Pleistocene, about 2.

Overexpression of Enhances Drought Tolerance by Alleviating Oxidative Damage and Promoting Water Uptake in Transgenic Apple.

Water deficit adversely affects apple () productivity on the Loess Plateau. Autophagy plays a key role in plant responses to unfavorable environmental conditions. Previously, we demonstrated that a core apple autophagy-related protein, , was responsive to various stresses at the transcript level.

Silencing MdGH3-2/12 in apple reduces cadmium resistance via the regulation of AM colonization.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can form a symbiotic relationship with most terrestrial plant roots, promote plant growth, and heavy metal (HM) tolerance and thus plays a crucial role in phytoremediation. However, research on the relationship between colonization level and HM tolerance is limited. In this study, apple (Malus domestica) Gretchen Hagen3 genes MdGH3-2/12 silencing plants were treated with four AMF and Cd combination treatments to determine AMF colonization levels, biomass, Cd accumulation, photosynthesis, fluorescence, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant substance accumulation, and Cd uptake, transport and detoxification gene expression levels.

Melatonin increases the performance of Malus hupehensis after UV-B exposure.

Melatonin, an evolutionarily conserved molecule, is implicated in numerous physiological processes in plants. To explore the potential roles of melatonin in response to UV-B radiation, we examined the influence of exogenous melatonin on Malus hupehensis Rehd. seedlings under two levels of UV-B radiation.

Genome-wide identification of genes involved in polyamine biosynthesis and the role of exogenous polyamines in Malus hupehensis Rehd. under alkaline stress.

Polyamines (PAs) in plants are growth substrates with functions similar to phytohormones. Although they contribute to diverse processes, little is known about their role in stress responses, especially for perennial woody plants. We conducted a genome-wide investigation of 18 sequences involved in PA biosynthesis in the genome of apple (Malus domestica).

Genome-wide identification and expression profiling of the SnRK2 gene family in Malus prunifolia.

Sucrose non-fermenting-1-related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2) constitutes a small plant-specific serine/threonine kinase family with essential roles in the abscisic acid (ABA) signal pathway and in responses to osmotic stress. Although a genome-wide analysis of this family has been conducted in some species, little is known about SnRK2 genes in apple (Malus domestica). We identified 14 putative sequences encoding 12 deduced SnRK2 proteins within the apple genome.

Exogenous melatonin improves Malus resistance to Marssonina apple blotch.

We examined whether exogenously applied melatonin could improve resistance to Marssonina apple blotch (Diplocarpon mali) by apple [Malus prunifolia (Willd.) Borkh. cv.