Research progress of graphene-based nanomaterials in the diagnosis and treatment of head and neck cancer.

Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the sixth most common cancer in the world, and its incidence is increasing year by year. Due to the late-stage diagnosis and poor prognosis of HNC, as well as the limitations of traditional treatment methods, it is urgent to improve early detection rates and explore alternative treatment approaches. Graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs) have been widely applied in biomedical fields due to their high surface area, excellent photothermal properties, and high loading capacity.

Macrophages: plastic participants in the diagnosis and treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) rank among the most prevalent types of head and neck cancer globally. Unfortunately, a significant number of patients receive their diagnoses at advanced stages, limiting the effectiveness of available treatments. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a pivotal player in HNSCC development, with macrophages holding a central role.

More efficient barley malting under catalyst: Thermostability improvement of a β-1,3-1,4-glucanase through surface charge engineering with higher activity.

β-1,3-1,4-Glucanase is an indispensable biocatalyst in barley brewing industry for its crucial effect in reducing the viscosity of mash. However, the unsatisfactory thermostability greatly limited its application performance. In this study, structure-based surface charge engineering was conducted aiming at thermostability improvement of BisGlu16B, a highly active β-1,3-1,4-glucanase from Bispora sp.

Asn57 N-glycosylation promotes the degradation of hemicellulose by β-1,3-1,4-glucanase from Rhizopus homothallicus.

N-glycosylation alters the properties of different enzymes in different ways. Rhizopus homothallicus was first described as an environmental isolate from desert soil in Guatemala. A new gene encoding glucanase RhGlu16B was identified in R.

Improvement of XYL10C_∆N catalytic performance through loop engineering for lignocellulosic biomass utilization in feed and fuel industries.

Background: Xylanase, an important accessory enzyme that acts in synergy with cellulase, is widely used to degrade lignocellulosic biomass. Thermostable enzymes with good catalytic activity at lower temperatures have great potential for future applications in the feed and fuel industries, which have distinct demands; however, the potential of the enzymes is yet to be researched.

Results: In this study, a structure-based semi-rational design strategy was applied to enhance the low-temperature catalytic performance of Bispora sp.