Physiological growth of ocular axial length among Chinese children and teenagers: A 6-year cohort study.

To investigate the pattern and threshold of physiological growth, defining as axial length (AL) elongation that results in little refraction progression, among Chinese children and teenagers, a total of 916 children aged between 7 and 18 years from a 6-year longitudinal cohort study were included for analysis. Ocular biometry, cycloplegic refraction and demographic data were obtained annually. Physiological growth was calculated based on myopic progression and Gullstrand eye model, respectively.

Role of lens in early refractive development: evidence from a large cohort of Chinese children.

Aims: To document longitudinal changes in spherical equivalent refraction (SER) and related biometric factors during early refractive development.

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of Chinese children, starting in 2018 with annual follow-ups. At each visit, children received cycloplegic autorefraction and ocular biometry measurements.

Accurate prediction of myopic progression and high myopia by machine learning.

Background: Myopia is a leading cause of visual impairment in Asia and worldwide. However, accurately predicting the progression of myopia and the high risk of myopia remains a challenge. This study aims to develop a predictive model for the development of myopia.

Association between body stature with ocular biometrics and refraction among Chinese preschoolers.

Purpose: To evaluate the association of body stature with ocular biometrics and refraction in preschool children.

Methods: A cross-sectional, school-based study was conducted in Shenzhen, China. Preschool children aged 3 to 6 from 10 randomly-selected kindergartens were recruited.

Long-Term Axial Length Shortening in Myopic Orthokeratology: Incident Probability, Time Course, and Influencing Factors.

Purpose: Long-term axial length (AL) shortening in myopia is uncommon but noteworthy. Current understanding on the condition is limited due to difficulties in case collection. The study reported percentage, probability, and time course of long-term AL shortening in myopic orthokeratology based on a large database.

Effect of Extracurricular After-School Physical Activities on Academic Performance of Schoolchildren: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The beneficial effects of increasing outdoor physical activity time on children's myopia onset and physical well-being are widely acknowledged. However, in countries with competitive educational systems, such as China, parents and school administrators may be relatively reluctant to increase the extracurricular physical activity time for children due to concerns that this action will compromise children's academic performance.

Objective: To investigate whether additional extracurricular physical activity time after school compromises the academic performance of schoolchildren.

Impact of Cataract Surgery on Income in Rural Southern China: The SUCCESS Randomized Controlled Trial.

Purpose: Visual impairment from cataracts is closely associated with low income, but trial evidence regarding the impact of surgery on income is lacking. We investigated whether cataract surgery could increase personal income.

Design: A 2-arm, parallel-group, open-label, randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.

Longitudinal Changes in Lens Thickness and Lens Power Among Persistent Non-Myopic and Myopic Children.

Purpose: To assess the longitudinal changes in crystalline lens in persistent non-myopic and myopic children.

Methods: Four cohorts of children were recruited from Guangzhou, China, from first year of kindergarten (G0, n = 1129), first year of primary school (G1, n = 1324), fourth year of primary school (G4, n = 1854), and first year of junior high school (G7, n = 867) in 2018 and followed up annually for 2 years. All children received cycloplegic autorefraction and ocular biometry measurement.

Axial Growth Driven by Physical Development and Myopia among Children: A Two Year Cohort Study.

Background: The physical process of axial length growth among children and its role in the occurrence of myopia remain insufficiently explored. In this study, we investigate the patterns of ocular axial growth among persistent myopia (PM) and persistent non-myopia (PNM) children aged 3 to 15 years. Methods: A group of 6353 children aged 3 to 15 years, selected from rural schools in China, were followed up annually for 2 years.

Prevalence, incidence, and risk factors for myopia among urban and rural children in southern China: protocol for a school-based cohort study.

Introduction: Myopia is the common cause of reduced uncorrected visual acuity among school-age children. It is more prevalent in urban than in rural areas. Although many myopia studies have focused on the effect of urbanisation, it remains unclear how visual experience in urban regions could affect childhood myopia.

Prevalence of Ocular Demodex Infestation in Children: An Epidemiological Survey in South China.

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of and risk factors for Demodex mite infestation of the eyelashes in Chinese children.

Methods: A total of 1,575 children were surveyed from June 2017 to January 2019 and stratified into two age groups: 3 to 6 and 7 to 14 years. All subjects underwent routine eye examination and lash epilation for Demodex mite identification and counting using microscopy.

Effect of a complex intervention to improve post-vision screening referral compliance among pre-school children in China: A cluster randomized clinical trial.

Background: We investigated whether specific appointments for quality-assured care could increase referral uptake, often low in China, in children's vision screening.

Methods: We randomized children aged 4-7 years in Yudu, Jiangxi, China, by school to Control (free school-based eye screening, parents of children failing screening recommended for further examination [usual practice]) or Intervention (identical examinations, with parents additionally provided with specific appointments for further examinations by quality-assured doctors at a designated local hospital). Both groups could select any hospital for referral exams, which were not free.

Significant Axial Elongation with Minimal Change in Refraction in 3- to 6-Year-Old Chinese Preschoolers: The Shenzhen Kindergarten Eye Study.

Purpose: To document the distribution of ocular biometry and to evaluate its associations with refraction in a group of Chinese preschoolers.

Design: Population-based cross-sectional study.

Participants: A total of 1133 preschoolers 3 to 6 years of age from 8 representative kindergartens.

Comparison of the Educational Effect upon Myopia Prevention and Treatment between Video Demonstration and Traditional Teaching.

Purpose: To compare the education effect of video demonstrations and conventional teaching on the prevention and control of myopia.

Methods: Eighty students were randomly divided into an experimental (n = 40) and a control (n = 40) group, and each group was split into two classes of 40 students. The students in the experimental group attended classes mainly based on video demonstration and those in the control group received conventional teaching.

Effect of Time Spent Outdoors at School on the Development of Myopia Among Children in China: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Myopia has reached epidemic levels in parts of East and Southeast Asia. However, there is no effective intervention to prevent the development of myopia.

Objective: To assess the efficacy of increasing time spent outdoors at school in preventing incident myopia.

Normative distribution of visual acuity in 3- to 6-year-old Chinese preschoolers: the Shenzhen kindergarten eye study.

Purpose: To document the distribution of uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) in a defined population of Chinese preschoolers and to discuss its implications for vision referral.

Methods: Preschoolers aged 3 to 6 years old were recruited from kindergartens in Shenzen. Uncorrected visual acuity was estimated by using Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Tumbling E charts, followed by cycloplegic refraction and ocular examination.

Two-year changes in refractive error and related biometric factors in an adult Chinese population.

Importance: This article provides, to our knowledge, the first longitudinal population-based data on refractive error (RE) in Chinese persons.

Objective: To study cohort effects and changes associated with aging in REs among Chinese adults.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A 2-year, longitudinal population-based cohort study was conducted in southern China.

Comparison of anterior segment optical coherence tomography and ultrasound biomicroscopy for iris parameter measurements in patients with primary angle closure glaucoma.

Purpose: To compare the repeatability and consistency of anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) in measuring iris parameters in patients with primary angle closure glaucoma.

Methods: Twenty-two patients (38 eyes) with primary angle closure glaucoma, including 5 eyes with acute angle closure glaucoma, 10 fellow eyes of acute angle closure glaucoma, and 23 eyes with chronic angle closure glaucoma, were recruited consecutively in our hospital. All subjects underwent anterior scanning by AS-OCT and UBM.

Correlation between lens thickness and central anterior chamber depth.

Purpose: To investigate gender differences in lens thickness (LT) and central anterior chamber depth (ACD) in normal subjects, and to assess age associated changes in these measures.

Methods: The anterior chamber depth (ACD), and lens thickness (LT), of 150 normal subjects (150 eyes) was measured by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS- OCT). Gender differences were assessed by independent t-test, and correlation analysis was used to examine the effect of age.

Determinants and two-year change in anterior chamber angle width in a Chinese population.

Objective: To study the population distribution and longitudinal changes in anterior chamber angle width and its determinants among Chinese adults.

Design: Prospective cohort, population-based study.

Participants: Persons aged 35 years or more residing in Guangzhou, China, who had not previously undergone incisional or laser eye surgery.

The child self-refraction study results from urban Chinese children in Guangzhou.

Objective: To compare visual and refractive outcomes between self-refracting spectacles (Adaptive Eyecare, Ltd, Oxford, UK), noncycloplegic autorefraction, and cycloplegic subjective refraction.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Participants: Chinese school-children aged 12 to 17 years.

Predictors of early acceptance of free spectacles provided to junior high school students in China.

Objective: To examine factors influencing adherence to spectacle wear and perceived value within a prospective 1-month trial of ready-made and custom spectacles in school-aged children with uncorrected refractive error in urban China.

Methods: A total of 428 students aged 12 to 15 years with at least 1 diopter of uncorrected refractive error were given free spectacles and evaluated 1 month later at an unannounced visit. Demographic factors, vision, optical effects, and perceptions were modeled as predictors of observed use and perceived value using logistic regression adjusted for spectacle allocation.