Bronchoscopic instillation of amphotericin B is a safe and effective measure to treat pulmonary mycosis.

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the prevalence of pulmonary mycosis disease, and its mortality has increased. There are very few studies on treating pulmonary mycosiss with bronchoscopic instillation of amphotericin B. This study investigated the clinical efficacy and safety of bronchoscopic instillation of amphotericin B for treating pulmonary mycosiss.

Triamcinolone acetonide induces the autophagy of Ag85B-treated WI-38 cells via SIRT1/FOXO3 pathway.

Background: Tracheobronchial stenosis due to tuberculosis (TSTB) seriously threatens the health of tuberculosis patients. The inflammation and autophagy of fibroblasts affect the development of TSTB. Triamcinolone acetonide (TA) can regulate the autophagy of fibroblasts.

Knockdown of long non‑coding RNA DLEU2 suppresses idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by regulating the microRNA‑369‑3p/TRIM2 axis.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common form of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia with an increasing incidence. In the present study, Genome Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets (GSE10667, GSE24206 and GSE32537) were applied to identify lncRNA DLEU2 in IPF. Through prediction using starBase, TargetScan, miRTarBase and miRDB, tripartite motif containing 2 (TRIM2) and prostaglandin F2 receptor inhibitor (PTGFRN) were found to be upregulated in IPF.

Anti-fibrosis activity of quercetin attenuates rabbit tracheal stenosis via the TGF-β/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.

Aims: This study aimed to explore the possible mechanism of trauma-induced laryngotracheal stenosis and potential protective and therapeutic efficacy of quercetin on trauma-induced laryngotracheal stenosis.

Main Methods: The expression and activity of fibrotic factors [interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, autophagy related 5 (ATG5), collagen (COL)-1, tumor growth factor (TGF)-β COL-3, microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A (LC3), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)] and fibrotic signaling mediators [mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and phosphorylated AKT (pAKT)] were detected by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), ELISA, Western blot, and immunohistochemical staining, respectively, in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced WI-38 (a human embryonic lung fibroblast cell line) cellular fibrotic model and a trauma-induced rabbit tracheal stenosis model, with and without quercetin treatment.

Key Findings: Pre-treatment with quercetin significantly reversed the LPS-induced upregulation of pro-fibrotic factors (IL-6, IL-8, COL-1, COL-3, LC3) and fibrotic signaling mediators (mTOR and AKT), and it induced the downregulation of ATG5 in the WI-38 cells.

[Management of benign tracheal stenosis by intubation dilatation under flexible bronchoscopic guidance].

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intubation dilatation under flexible bronchoscopic guidance in the management of benign tracheal stenosis.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of the clinical data was performed for 12 patients with benign tracheal stenosis from March 2010 to August 2011. There were 5 males and 7 females with a mean age of 37 ± 11 years old (range: 27 - 65).