Evaluating the efficacy and safety of perianal injection of liposomal ropivacaine HR18034 for postoperative analgesia following hemorrhoidectomy: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, controlled phase II clinical trial.

Study Objective: HR18034, composed of the ropivacaine encapsulated in multi-lamellar, concentric circular structure liposomes as the major component and a small amount of free ropivacaine, has performed well in animal experiments and phase I clinical trials. This trial was to investigate the efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetic profile and the minimum effective dose of HR18034 for postoperative analgesia after hemorrhoidectomy compared with ropivacaine.

Design: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind trial.

Phase III clinical trial comparing the efficacy and safety of adamgammadex with sugammadex for reversal of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block.

Background: Preliminary clinical trials of adamgammadex, a new cyclodextrin-based selective reversal agent, have demonstrated its efficacy in reversing neuromuscular block by rocuronium.

Methods: This multicentre, randomised, double-blind, positive-controlled, non-inferiority phase III clinical trial compared the efficacy and safety of adamgammadex and sugammadex. We randomised 310 subjects to receive adamgammadex (4 mg kg) or sugammadex (2 mg kg) at reappearance of the second twitch of the train-of-four (TOF), and standard safety data were collected.

Optimal dose of neostigmine antagonizing cisatracurium-induced shallow neuromuscular block in elderly patients: a randomized control study.

Background: Residual neuromuscular block after using neuromuscular blocking agents is a common and potentially harmful complication of general anesthesia. Neostigmine is a widely used antagonist, but its optimal dose for elderly patients is unclear.

Objectives: To compare the optimal dosage and safety of neostigmine for reversing shallow residual block in elderly patients after cisatracurium-induced neuromuscular block.

PERK Signaling Controls Myoblast Differentiation by Regulating MicroRNA Networks.

The unfolded protein response (UPR) plays important roles in various cells that have a high demand for protein folding, which are involved in the process of cell differentiation and development. Here, we separately knocked down the three sensors of the UPR in myoblasts and found that PERK knockdown led to a marked transformation in myoblasts from a fusiform to a rounded morphology, which suggests that PERK is required for early myoblast differentiation. Interestingly, knocking down PERK induced reprogramming of C2C12 myoblasts into stem-like cells by altering the miRNA networks associated with differentiation and stemness maintenance, and the PERK-ATF4 signaling pathway transactivated muscle differentiation-associated miRNAs in the early stage of myoblast differentiation.

Gut Flora: Novel Therapeutic Target of Chinese Medicine for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the three major threats to human health identified by WHO. Dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity are well established as common CVD risk factors. However, controversies exist on the effects of gut flora on cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Combined acupuncture and general anesthesia on immune and cognitive function in elderly patients following subtotal gastrectomy for gastric cancer.

This study investigated the effects of acupuncture combined with general anesthesia on postoperative immune and cognitive functions in elderly patients undergoing subtotal gastrectomy. We recruited 96 elderly patients who received anesthesia for subtotal gastrectomy and randomly divided them into control (n=48) and experimental (n=48) groups. The control group received general anesthesia and the experimental group received combined acupuncture and general anesthesia.

Antibacterial Effects of a Cell-Penetrating Peptide Isolated from Kefir.

Kefir is a traditional fermented milk beverage used throughout the world for centuries. A cell-penetrating peptide, F3, was isolated from kefir by Sephadex G-50 gel filtration, DEAE-52 ion exchange, and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. F3 was determined to be a low molecular weight peptide containing one leucine and one tyrosine with two phosphate radicals.

Small intestine metastasis from cervical cancer with acute abdomen: A case report.

Cervical cancer metastasis to the small intestine is a rare occurrence that is easily misdiagnosed as a small bowel obstruction. The present study reports the case of a 46-year-old cervical cancer patient with metastasis to the small intestine, which presented as an acute abdomen due to intestinal obstruction. Enteroscopy revealed no primary intestinal tumors.

The role of the TLR4 signaling pathway in cognitive deficits following surgery in aged rats.

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), common in elderly patients, refers to a decline in cognitive function following surgery, which may persist or even evolve into Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite great efforts, the mechanism of POCD remains unclear. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on microglia contributes to POCD.

[Chemical constituents of Pileostegia viburnoides var. glabrescens].

Objective: To study the chemical constituents of Pileostegia viburnoides var. glabrescens.

Methods: The compounds were isolated and purified by various techniques.

Icariin exterts negative effects on human gastric cancer cell invasion and migration by vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein via Rac1 pathway.

Cellular movement is mainly orchestrated by actin-dependent cytoskeleton in which Rho GTPase Rac1 or vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) closely collaborates. In the present in vitro study, we investigated the inhibitory effect and underlying molecular mechanism of icariin, a pure extract of the traditional Chinese medicine Herba epimedii, on the invasive and migration properties of human gastric cancer cell line BGC-823. At 50% growth-inhibiting concentration, icariin significantly suppressed tumor cells migration and invasion, which were traceable to down-regulation of Rac1 and VASP.

Inflammation: a bridge between postoperative cognitive dysfunction and Alzheimer's disease.

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) which is a decline in cognitive function after surgery can present days to weeks after surgery and may remain a permanent disorder. The exact pathophysiological mechanism of POCD is still unknown. In view the incidence of POCD does not seem to be influenced by the depth and the type of anesthesia, many investigators believe that inflammatory response plays a key role in the pathogenesis of POCD.