Sizeable Facial and Cervical Defect Repair using a Medial Arm Flap Combined With the Tissue Expansion Technique: Clinical Applications and Fifteen-year Follow-up.

Background: The aim of this study was to present the 15-year clinical results using a preexpanded pedicle medial arm flap for repairing massive facial and cervical defects.

Methods: The process of our method is divided into 3 stages. In the first stage, the rectangle-shaped tissue expander was implanted subcutaneously in the medial arm region and serially inflated for ~3 months.

A 20-Year Experience with Tissue Expansion for Large Cervical Fascial Defects: An Algorithm Based on Different Clinical Flap Designs.

Over the past 20 years, we have designed various types of expanded cervical flaps for large facial defects and achieved excellent tissue matching. This study was performed to propose a treatment strategy for flap selection for the reconstruction of different facial units. The authors retrospectively reviewed the application of cervical expanded flaps for facial rehabilitation in our department between January 2003 and January 2023.

Deep inferior epigastric vessels for free scapular flap phalloplasty.

We aimed to present our 20-year experience of using the deep inferior epigastric vessels as recipient vessels for free scapular flaps phalloplasty and evaluate the outcomes. Penile reconstruction was performed using a free scapular flap between 2000 and 2020 by the same surgical team. Deep inferior epigastric vessels were used in all the cases.

Blood Supply of the Temporal Flap Pedicled With Orbicularis Oculi Muscle: Anatomy and Its Clinical Implications.

Background: Traumatic injury or tumor resection can lead to eyelid defects, nasal defects, and cheek defects. The temporal flap pedicled with orbicularis oculi muscle (OOM) can be used to repair these defects. This cadaver-based anatomic study aimed to evaluate the blood supply of this flap and investigate its clinical implications.

Using an Expanded Cervical Flap With an Overlapping Tissue Expansion Technique to Resurface Middle and Lower Facial Defects.

Background: Extensive facial burn scars are a tragedy for patients and often pose a great challenge to surgeons because of the high esthetic and functional demands. For patients with healthy skin in the neck region, a cervical flap is highly recommended for facial resurfacing; however, the skin on the midline of the neck often needs more expansion than that on either side, especially for the treatment of large facial defects. The sufficient longitudinal soft tissue in the anterior neck ensures a normal neck shape as well as a normal range of cervical extension, rotation, and lateral flexion.

Facial Defects With Infraorbital and Zygomatic Area Reconstruction Using an Expanded Flap Based on the Orbicularis Oculi Muscle: A Long-Term Follow-up.

Objective: Reconstruction of facial soft-tissue defects may pose a dilemma for plastic surgeons, as the flaps must be reliable to obtain a natural appearance while minimizing donor site morbidities. This clinical study describes a reconstructive method for infraorbital and zygomatic defects using a pre-expanded rotation flap based on the orbicularis oculi muscle (OOM).

Methods: The surgeries were subdivided into 2 stages.

Congenital aphallia associated with congenital urethrorectal fistula: A rare case report.

Rationale: Aphallia is an extremely rare congenital malformation of unknown cause, with few reports in the literature. It is usually associated with other urogenital and gastrointestinal anomalies and is believed to be a result of either the absence of a genital tubercle or chromosome polymorphism. Herein, we describe an extremely rare case of congenital aphallia with congenital urethrorectal fistula and describe our treatment for this patient.

Significance and Surgical Options for Nontranssexual Phalloplasty: A Retrospective Single-Center Analysis of 166 Patients.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes of phalloplasty and explore the clinical significance and selection of methods for penile reconstruction.

Methods: The same surgical team performed primary phalloplasty in 166 nontranssexual patients using different surgical approaches between September 2000 and September 2020. All patients had at least 6 months of follow-up.

Scrotal septal flap and two-stage operation for complex hypospadias: A retrospective study.

Background: Complex hypospadias is a surgical challenge.

Aim: To present the long-term outcomes of two-stage repair of complex hypospadias using a scrotal septal flap.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients with complex hypospadias who were operated on between January 1, 2001, and January 1, 2019, at a single hospital using a scrotal septal flap (two-stage surgery) or prepuce flap (one-stage surgery; control group).

Risk Factors for Urethrocutaneous Fistula Repair After Hypospadias Surgery: A Retrospective Study.

Objectives: We review our experience in urethrocutaneous fistula (UCF) repair after hypospadias surgery to investigate the risk factors for unsuccessful outcome.

Methods: Two hundred eleven patients had undergone UCF repair in our department from January 2005 to December 2015. This study included 185 patients who were followed up for more than 6 months.

Pre-Expanded Submental Island Flap for Resurfacing Middle and Lower Facial Defect.

Resurfacing large facial defect is a continuing challenge for plastic surgeons. Skin graft or free flap is hard to obtain satisfactory results or is beyond the skill of most surgeons. The authors performed 13 expended submental island flaps to resurface middle and lower facial defects and achieved satisfactory results.

[Functional evaluation of a "two in one" urethroplasty for hypospadias].

Objective: To assess the functional result of a "Two in One" urethroplasty which combined oral mucosa graft and local flap.

Methods: 17 patients with hypospadias underwent a "Two in One" urethroplasty, which combined buccal mucosa and local flap for urethral reconstruction. Uroflowmetry was performed 1 day before and 1 year after operation.

[Which vessel, the artery or the vein is more important in vascular supercharge: an investigation of vascular changes on rat abdominal supercharging flap models].

Objective: The study was to reveal the vascular changes in three different supercharging flap models. From this study, we want to investigate which vessel, the artery or the vein is more important in elongating perforator flap survival and why.

Methods: Twelve rats were divided into three experimental groups.

[Applied anatomy of cervico-acromial crossing skin flap].

Objective: To investigate the applied anatomy of the blood supply of the cervicoacromial crossing flap and its feasibility in clinical application.

Methods: 5 fresh adult and 10 forman fixed adult cadaver specimens were used. The arteries, veins, cutaneous arteries, subdermal vascular network, and vascular network of the superficial layer of deep fascia in the cervico-acromial area were observed and studied under the microscope.

Infraorbital and zygomatic reconstruction using pre-expanded rotation flap based on the orbicularis oculi muscle.

Infraorbital and zygomatic reconstruction procedures pose challenges to plastic surgeons because of the close location of the operation to the eyes and nose. Failed flap design can lead to distortion of the adjacent organs and tissue, particularly for larger defects. Flaps based on the orbicularis oculi muscle (OOM) can be easily rotated from the lateral or temporal region to cover the infraorbital and zygomatic area.

[Penile augmentation and elongation using autologous dermal-fat strip grafting].

Objective: To investigate the effect of autologous dermal-fat strip grafting in penile augmentation and elongation.

Methods: From May 2004 to December 2010, 24 patients underwent penile enhancement with free dermal-fat strip grafting. Through suprapubic incision, the superior suspensory ligament and part deep suspensory ligament are cutted off to lengthen the penis.

[Anatomy correction of penile epispadias].

Objective: To investigate the pathological characters and anatomic correction of penile epispadias.

Methods: The urethra was formed by local urethra plate mucosa flaps. The contracture on dorsum of penis was released by cutting off the superficial suspensory ligament to reposition the penile and urethral sponge.

[Tubed oral mucosa for staged treatment of congenital hypospadias in infancy].

Objective: To discuss the treatment of congenital hypospadias in infancy.

Methods: After correction of chordee, the tubed oral mucosa was used to prefabricate urethra in penis as free graft. The urethral anastomosis was performed at the second stage.

[Application of tunica vaginalis flap for multi-fistulas after urethroplasty in hypospadias].

Objective: To discussed a new technique for multi-fistulas after urethroplasty in hypospadias.

Methods: 8 cases with postoperative multi-fistulas, which were not successfully repaired by previous treatment, were reoperated with tunica vaginalis flap combined with urethral stent and elastic dressing. The multi-fistulas were located between glan and scrotum.

[Application of temporal-zygomatic expanded flaps pedicled with orbicularis oculi muscle for sub-orbital defects].

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effect of temporal-zygomatic expanded flaps pedicled with orbicularis oculi muscle (00M) for sub-orbital defects.

Methods: 16 cases with sub-orbital defects were treated. The expanders were implanted at temporal-zygomatic region at the first stage.

[Clinical application of expanded submental island flap in facial soft tissue defect].

Objective: To investigate the application of the expanded submental island flap in facial soft tissue defect.

Method: 12 patients with facial soft tissue defects were treated with the expanded submental island flaps during September 2004 to September 2008. At the first stage, soft tissue expander was implanted in the neck.

[Staged treatment of the severe hypospadias in adult].

Objective: To report the treatment of serious hypospadias in adults with free graft of tubed mouth mucosa and scrotal fascia flaps.

Methods: The tubed mouth mucosa was free grafted to fabricate the distal segment of urethra. It was anastomosed to the urethra at the second stage.

[Division of the proximal urethral plate and skin graft at the ventral surface of the penis for severe hypospadias].

Objective: To explore a technique for the treatment of severe hypospadias.

Methods: At the first stage, the proximal end of the urethra plate was divided and the chordee was corrected, followed by skin graft at the ventral surface of penis. The urethroplasty was performed at the second stage half a year later.

[New concept of the treatment for redundant prepuce].

Objective: Literatures on the development and function of prepuce was reviewed. To compare the merit and demerit of treatment for redundant prepuce by conventional circumcision or by removing the root skin of the penis. To investigate the ideal method and time of treatment for redundant prepuce.

[A rhombus shape excision of the soft palate to treat obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome].

Objective: To explore a surgical treatment for obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).

Methods: 12 cases were treated during the period from Jan 1998 to Aug 2006. Partial soft palate was resected in rhombus shape from the middle to shorten the soft palate and enlarge the pharyngeal cavity.