Syringic acid attenuates acute lung injury by modulating macrophage polarization in LPS-induced mice.

Background: Acute lung injury (ALI) is a continuum of lung changes caused by multiple lung injuries, characterized by a syndrome of uncontrolled systemic inflammation that often leads to significant morbidity and death. Anti-inflammatory is one of its treatment methods, but there is no safe and available drug therapy. Syringic acid (SA) is a natural organic compound commonly found in a variety of plants, especially in certain woody plants and fruits.

Network pharmacology provides a systematic approach to understanding the treatment of ischemic heart diseases with traditional Chinese medicine.

Background: The field of network pharmacology showed significant development. The concept of network pharmacology has many similarities to the philosophy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), making it suitable to understand the action mechanisms of TCM in treating complex diseases, such as ischemic heart diseases (IHDs).

Purpose: This review summarizes the representative applications of network pharmacology in deciphering the mechanism underlying the treatment of IHDs with TCM.

Emodin Protects Against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury the JNK/Nur77/c-Jun Signaling Pathway.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a serious inflammatory disease with clinical manifestations of hypoxemia and respiratory failure. Presently, there is no effective treatment of ALI. Although emodin from L.

A new sulfated triterpene glycoside from the sea cucumber Colochirus quadrangularis, and evaluation of its antifungal, antitumor and immunomodulatory activities.

Our continuing search for marine bioactive secondary metabolites led to the screening of crude extracts of sea cucumbers by the model of Pyricularia oryzae. A new sulfated triterpene glycoside, coloquadranoside A (1), together with four known triterpene glycosides, philinopside A, B, E and pentactaside B (2-5) were isolated from the sea cucumber Colochirus quadrangularis, and their structures were elucidated using extensive spectroscope analysis (ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR) and chemical methods. Coloquadranoside A possesses a 16-acetyloxy group in the holostane-type triterpene aglycone with a 7(8)-double bond, a double bond (25,26) at its side chain, and two β-d-xylose in the carbohydrate chain.

Aloperine induces apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest in hepatocellular carcinoma cells through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks third among the most common causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The chemotherapy for HCC is still insufficient, so far. In searching for effective anti-HCC agents from traditional Chinese medicine, we discovered that aloperine (ALO), a quinolizidine alkaloid from Sophora alopecuroides L.

Chemistry and Bioactivity of Briaranes from the South China Sea Gorgonian Dichotella gemmacea.

Seven new briarane diterpenoids, gemmacolides AZ-BF (-), were isolated together with eight known analogues (-) from the South China gorgonian . Their structures were elucidated based on detailed spectroscopic analysis and a comparison with reported data. In an in vitro bioassay, these compounds exhibited different levels of growth inhibition activity against A549 and MG63 cells, giving continuous evidences about the biological contribution of functional groups at C-2, C-12, C-13, and C-16.

New hippolide derivatives with protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitory activity from the marine sponge Hippospongia lachne.

Five new sesterterpenoids, compounds 1-5, have been isolated from the sponge Hippospongia lachne off Yongxing Island in the South China Sea. The structures of compounds 1-5 were elucidated through extensive spectroscopic analysis, including HRMS, 1D, and 2D NMR experiments. The stereochemistry, including absolute configurations of these compounds, was determined by spectroscopic, chemical, and computational methods.

Variegatusides: new non-sulphated triterpene glycosides from the sea cucumber Stichopus variegates semper.

Four new triterpene glycosides, variegatusides C-F (1-4), together with three structurally known triterpene glycosides, variegatusides A and B (5, 6), and holothurin B (7), were isolated from the sea cucumber Stichopus variegates Semper (Holothuriidae), collected from the South China Sea. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectral analysis (nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESIMS)) and chemical evidence. Variegatusides C-F exhibit the same structural feature consisting of the presence of a 23-hydroxyl group at the holostane-type triterpene aglycone side chain.

Chemistry and tumor cell growth inhibitory activity of 11,20-epoxy-3Z,5(6)E-diene briaranes from the South China Sea gorgonian Dichotella gemmacea.

Eighteen new 11,20-epoxy-3Z,5E-dien briaranes, gemmacolides AA-AR (1-18), were isolated together with three known analogs, dichotellides F (19) and I (20), and juncenolide C (21), from the South China Sea gorgonian Dichotella gemmacea. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analysis and comparison with reported data. The absolute configuration was determined based on the ECD experiment.

New bioactive sulfated alkenes from the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus.

Two new alkene sulfates, (5Z)-dec-5-en-1-yl sulfate (4) and (3E)-dec-3-en-1-yl sulfate (5), together with three known sulfated alkanes, 2,6-dimethylheptyl sulfate (1), octyl sulfate (2), and decyl sulfate (3), were isolated from the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. The structures of the new compounds 4 and 5 were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, including ¹H-, ¹³C-, and 2D-NMR, ESI-MS, and HR-ESI-MS. Compounds 2 and 3 were isolated from natural sources for the first time.

Bioactive briarane diterpenoids from the South China Sea gorgonian Dichotella gemmacea.

Six new briarane diterpenoids, gemmacolides T-Y (1-6), were isolated together with three known analogs, juncenolide J (7), praelolide (8), and junceellolide C (9), from the South China Sea gorgonian Dichotella gemmacea. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analysis and comparison with reported data. The absolute configuration was suggested based on biosynthetic considerations.

Bioactive (3Z,5E)-11,20-epoxybriara-3,5-dien-7,18-olide diterpenoids from the South China Sea gorgonian Dichotella gemmacea.

Six new (3Z,5E)-11,20-epoxybriara-3,5-dien-7,18-olide diterpenoids, gemmacolides N-S (1-6), were isolated together with four known analogues, juncenolide D, and juncins R, S and U (7-10), from the South China Sea gorgonian Dichotella gemmacea. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by the detailed analysis of spectroscopic data in combination with the comparison with reported data. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by a TDDFT calculation of its solution ECD spectrum, affording the determination of absolute configuration of other analogues by simply comparing their ECD spectra with that of 1.

Bioactive 11,20-epoxy-3,5(16)-diene briarane diterpenoids from the South China Sea gorgonian Dichotella gemmacea.

Seven new briarane diterpenoids, gemmacolides G-M (1-7), were isolated together with two known analogues, juncin O and junceellolide C, from the South China Sea gorgonian Dichotella gemmacea. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by detailed analysis of spectroscopic data and comparison with reported data. In an in vitro bioassay, these compounds exhibited different levels of growth inhibition activity against A549 and MG63 cells.

Hippolides A-H, acyclic manoalide derivatives from the marine sponge Hippospongia lachne.

Eight new acyclic manoalide-related sesterterpenes, hippolides A-H (1-8), together with two known manoalide derivatives, (6E)-neomanoalide (9) and (6Z)-neomanoalide (10), were isolated from the South China Sea sponge Hippospongia lachne. The absolute configurations of 1-8 were established by the modified Mosher's method and CD data. Compound 1 exhibited cytotoxicity against A549, HeLa, and HCT-116 cell lines with IC50 values of 5.

A novel sulfated holostane glycoside from sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota.

A new sulfated holostane glycoside, leucospilotaside B (1), together with the two related structurally known compounds holothurin B(2) (2) and holothurin B (3), was isolated from sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota collected from the South China Sea. The structure of 1 was elucidated by spectral analysis (1H-, 13C-, and 2D-NMR, ESI-MS, and HR-ESI-MS) and chemical methods. The compounds 1-3 possess the same disaccharide moiety, but were different in the side chains of the triterpene aglycone.

Cytotoxic holostane-type triterpene glycosides from the sea cucumber Pentacta quadrangularis.

Two new holostane-type triterpene glycosides, named pentactasides I (1) and II (2), and a new natural product, pentactaside III (3), together with two known glycosides, philinopsides A (4) and B (5), were isolated from the sea cucumber Pentacta quadrangularis. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis and chemical evidences. Compounds 1 and 2 possess the same trisaccharide moiety which is a rare structural feature among naturally occurring sea cucumber glycosides and has been infrequently reported, while 3 is a sulfated diglycoside.

Proline-containing cyclopeptides from the marine sponge Phakellia fusca.

Four new cyclopeptides, phakellistatins 15-18 (2-5), together with five known cyclopeptides, phakellistatin 13 (1), hymenistatin 1, and hymenamides G, H, and J, were isolated from the South China Sea sponge Phakellia fusca. Their structures were elucidated by HR-ESIMS, NMR, and MALDI-TOF/TOF sequence analysis. The absolute configurations of the amino acid residues of 2-5 were assigned to be l by enantioselective HPLC analysis.

Sesterterpenes and a new sterol from the marine sponge Phyllospongia foliascens.

A new scalarane sesterterpene, phyllofolactone M (1), and a new sterol, (24E)-5alpha,6alpha-epoxystigmasta-7,24(28)-dien-3beta-ol (3), together with a known sesterterpene, phyllofolactone B (2), were isolated from the South China Sea sponge Phyllospongia foliascens. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and comparison with known compounds. In addition, previous NMR data assignments for the known sesterterpene phyllofolactone B (2) were revised.

Two new cytotoxic disulfated holostane glycosides from the sea cucumber Pentacta quadrangularis.

Two new disulfated triterpene glycosides, pentactasides B and C (1 and 2, resp.), were isolated from the sea cucumber Pentacta quadrangularis collected from the South China Sea. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectral analysis (2D-NMR and MS) and chemical methods.

Antifungal active triterpene glycosides from sea cucumber Holothuria scabra.

To study the new antifungal active triterpene glycosides of sea cucumber Holothuria scabra. Triterpene glycosides from Holothuria scabra were separated and purified by silica gel chromatography, reversed-phase silica gel chromatography and RP-HPLC. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data and chemical evidence.

Antifungal triterpene glycosides from the sea cucumber Holothuria (Microthele) axiloga.

Three new holostan-type triterpene glycosides, arguside F (1), impatienside B (2), and pervicoside D (3), together with a known saponin, holothurin B ( 4) were isolated from the sea cucumber Holothuria (Microthele) axiloga H. L. Clark.

Antifungal triterpene glycosides from the sea cucumber Bohadschia marmorata.

Four new holostan-type triterpene glycosides, marmoratoside A ( 1), 17 alpha-hydroxy impatienside A ( 2), marmoratoside B ( 3), 25-acetoxy bivittoside D ( 4), together with two known triterpene glycosides, impatienside A ( 5) and bivittoside D ( 6), were isolated from the sea cucumber Bohadschia Marmorata Jaeger. On the basis of spectroscopic analyses, including two-dimensional NMR techniques, and chemical reactions, the structures of the new triterpene glycosides were elucidated. Compounds 1, 2, 5, and 6 exhibited significant antifungal activity against six strains (0.

Lecanorosides A and B, two new triterpene glycosides from the sea cucumber Actinopyga lecanora.

Two new sulphated triterpene glycosides, lecanorosides A (1) and B (2), along with the known compounds holothurins A (3), A(1) (4), and B (5), were isolated from the sea cucumber Actinopyga lecanora. Their structures were deduced from extensive spectral analysis (NMR and MS) and chemical evidence. Glycosides 1 and 4 showed marginal in vitro cytotoxicity against two human tumour cell lines.