Au/Ag@polyoxometalate core-shell structures: from nanoparticles to atomically precise nanoclusters.

This review summarizes the progress in the research on polyoxometalate (POM)-decorated gold (Au) and silver (Ag) core-shell structures (Au/Ag@POMs), emphasizing their substantial application potential in catalysis, medicine, and biology. It outlines the central strategies for fabricating Au/Ag@POMs with diverse morphologies and dimensions, leveraging POMs as protective ligands and reducing agents as well as for ligand exchange. Of particular note is the focus on the analysis of the nanoparticle size, shape, and intricate architecture of POM shells using cryo-electron microscopy techniques.

The effect of aromatic side chains on the dilational rheological properties of -acyltaurate amphiphiles at water-decane interfaces.

To elucidate the effect of aromatic side chains on dilational rheological properties of -acyltaurate amphiphiles at the decane-water interface, the interfacial rheological properties of sodium -2-(2-naphthoxy)-tetradecanoyltaurinate (12+N-T) and sodium -2-(-butylphenoxy)-tetradecanoyltaurinate (12+4B-T) were investigated utilizing the drop shape analysis method. The effects of adsorption time, interfacial pressure, oscillating frequency, and bulk concentration on the interfacial dilational modulus and phase angle were explored. The results show that the 12+4B-T molecule with a longer hydrophobic chain shows a higher ability for reducing the interfacial tension (IFT).

Selective Passivation of Surface toward Bright Yellow Defective Emission of CdS Quantum Dots.

CdE (E = S, Se) quantum dots (QDs) with a broad and large Stokes shift PL emission have emerged as potential materials for white-light LEDs. However, this surface-related emission of nanocrystals is currently limited by low quantum efficiency. Herein, a convenient noninjected one-pot method at a relatively low temperature to prepare CdS QDs was readily achieved.

Doping transition metals to modulate the chirality and photocatalytic activity of rare earth clusters.

In this paper, we report the successful assembly of achiral {LnM} ([LnM(μ-OH)(acac)(CHO)(CHOH)], Ln = La, M = Mn, Co, Fe) and chiral {NdFe} ([NdFe(μ-O)(μ-OH)(acac)(NO)(CHOH)(HO)]) rare earth clusters using achiral rigid ligands and a transition metal doping strategy. {LnM} can be viewed as the fusion of two {LnM} tetrahedrons by sharing vertices. {NdFe} results from the fusion of four {LnM} tetrahedrons by vertice and edge sharing.

Nitrogen excretion from beef cattle fed a wide range of diets compiled in an intercontinental dataset: a meta-analysis.

Manure N from cattle contributes to nitrate leaching, nitrous oxide, and ammonia emissions. Measurement of manure N outputs on commercial beef cattle operations is laborious, expensive, and impractical; therefore, models are needed to predict N excreted in urine and feces. Building robust prediction models requires extensive data from animals under different management systems worldwide.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Pharmacodynamics Study of Enrofloxacin Mesylate.

Introduction: Enrofloxacin is used in the treatment of a wide variety of bacterial infections in mammals. However, its poor solubility limits the clinical use.

Methods: In order to improve the solubility of enrofloxacin, the enrofloxacin mesylate (EM) were obtained by a chemical synthesis method.

[CH Uptake in Different Saline-alkaline Soils in Hetao Irrigation District, Inner Mongolia].

Soil salinization poses a great threat to sustainable land use and the limitation of greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, three saline alkali soils, saline soil[electrical conductivity (EC) 4.80 dS·m], high saline-alkaline soil (EC 2.

Repeated inoculation of cattle rumen with bison rumen contents alters the rumen microbiome and improves nitrogen digestibility in cattle.

Future growth in demand for meat and milk, and the socioeconomic and environmental challenges that farmers face, represent a "grand challenge for humanity". Improving the digestibility of crop residues such as straw could enhance the sustainability of ruminant production systems. Here, we investigated if transfer of rumen contents from bison to cattle could alter the rumen microbiome and enhance total tract digestibility of a barley straw-based diet.

Synergism of Cattle and Bison Inoculum on Ruminal Fermentation and Select Bacterial Communities in an Artificial Rumen (Rusitec) Fed a Barley Straw Based Diet.

This study evaluated the effect of increasing the proportion of bison relative to cattle inoculum on fermentation and microbial populations within an artificial rumen (Rusitec). The experiment was a completely randomized design with a factorial treatment structure (proportion cattle:bison inoculum; 0:100, 33:67, 67:33, and 100:0) replicated in two Rusitec apparatuses ( = 8 fermenters). The experiment was 15 d with 8 d of adaptation and 7 d of sampling.

Effects of particle size of processed barley grain, enzyme addition and microwave treatment on disappearance and gas production for feedlot cattle.

Objective: The effects of particle size of processed barley grain, enzyme addition and microwave treatment on dry matter (DM) disappearance (DMD), gas production and fermentation pH were investigated for feedlot cattle.

Methods: Rumen fluid from four fistulated feedlot cattle fed a diet of 860 dry-rolled barley grain, 90 maize silage and 50 supplement g/kg DM was used as inoculum in 3 batch culture studies. In Experiment 1, dry-rolled barley and barley ground through a 1-, 2-, or 4-mm screen were used to obtain four substrates differing in particle size.

Effects of Feeding Garlic and Juniper Berry Essential Oils on Milk Fatty Acid Composition of Dairy Cows.

Essential oils (EOs) from plant extracts have been reported to have an antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Several of the gram-positive bacteria are involved in ruminal biohydrogenation of fatty acids (FAs), thus suggesting that feeding EOs could lower biohydrogenation of FA because of a decrease in the number of bacteria involved in that process. As a result, milk FA profiles are expected to be modified.

[Application of serum protein fingerprint in diagnosis of pancreatic cancer].

Objective: To establish serum protein fingerprint model for early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer with surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time of flight-mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) and bioinformatics techniques.

Methods: A total of 73 samples were analyzed in this study, including 31 cases of pancreatic cancers, 22 cases of pancreatitis and 20 healthy individuals. Samples were first analyzed by SELDI-TOF-MS and two patterns of differentiation model were constructed with support vector machine arithmetic method.

[Surgical treatment for primary gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a report of 73 cases].

Objective: To investigate the effects and prognosis of surgical treatment in primary gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST).

Methods: The clinicopathological data of 73 patients with primary GIST underwent operation from April 1997 to December 2007 was retrospectively analyzed, and the prognosis was evaluated too.

Results: Among the 73 cases, 68 cases received complete tumor resection, among which 12 cases underwent laparoscopic operation; while palliative resection and biopsy only were carried out in the other 5 cases.

Laparoscopic versus open splenectomy for hypersplenism secondary to liver cirrhosis.

Background: Since the first laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) in 1991, LS has become the gold standard for the removal of normal-to-moderately enlarged spleens in benign conditions. Compared with open splenectomy (OS), fewer postsurgical complications and better postoperative recovery were observed, but it is contraindicated for hypersplenism secondary to liver cirrhosis owing to technical difficulties associated with splenomegaly, well-developed collateral circulation, and increased risk of bleeding. With the improvements of laparoscopic technique, the concept is changing.