TPH1 is associated with major depressive disorder but not with SSRI/SNRI response in Taiwanese patients.

Rationale: Tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1), which encodes the rate-limiting enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase in the biosynthesis of serotonin, is a candidate gene in the development and treatment response of major depressive disorder (MDD); however, its actual role is uncertain.

Objectives: We aimed to compare the allele frequencies of TPH1 in MDD patients and healthy controls in Taiwan, and also to investigate the association between TPH1 A218C and treatment response to either fluoxetine or venlafaxine in a Taiwanese population with MDD.

Methods: One hundred five healthy controls and 115 outpatients diagnosed with MDD were recruited and genotyped for the TPH1 218A/C (rs1800532) polymorphism.

Sunshine-exposure variation of human striatal dopamine D(2)/D(3) receptor availability in healthy volunteers.

Background: In addition to the serotonergic system, the central dopaminergic system has been reported to be correlated with seasonality. The aim of this study was to explore the difference in striatal dopamine D(2)/D(3) receptor availability between healthy volunteers who had a high-sunshine exposure and those who had a low exposure.

Methods: Sixty-eight participants were enrolled, and those in the upper and lower quartiles in terms of sunshine exposure were categorized into high- (n = 17) and low-sunshine-exposure (n = 18) subgroups.

C825T polymorphism of the GNB3 gene on valproate-related metabolic abnormalities in bipolar disorder patients.

Background: Valproate (VPA) is a mood stabilizer for treating patients with bipolar disorder (BD). It may cause metabolic abnormalities in certain bipolar patients. However, the genetic factors that influence the susceptibility remain unclear.

The COMT and DRD3 genes interacted in bipolar I but not bipolar II disorder.

OBJECTIVES. Clarifying the association between bipolar I and bipolar II disorders at the genetic level is essential for improving our understanding of them. In this study, we evaluated the hypothesis that the dopaminergic polymorphisms are risk factors for bipolar disorders.

Brain derived neurotrophic factor gene polymorphism (Val66Met) and short-term antidepressant response in major depressive disorder.

Backgrounds: To determine the association between the brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism and short-term antidepressant response in Taiwanese patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).

Methods: We recruited 117 MDD patients who were randomized to fluoxetine or venlafaxine treatment and 106 controls. The association between genotypes and percentage changes in the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) scores over time was analyzed by repeated-measures ANOVA.

The fast-mobility isoform of mouse Mcl-1 is a mitochondrial matrix-localized protein with attenuated anti-apoptotic activity.

The full-length pro-survival protein Mcl-1 predominantly resides on the outer membrane of mitochondria. Here, we identified a mitochondrial matrix-localized isoform of Mcl-1 that lacks 33 amino acid residues at the N-terminus which serve both as a mitochondrial targeting and processing signal. Ectopically-expressed Mcl-1 without the N-terminal 33 residues failed to enter the mitochondrial matrix but retained wt-like activities both for interaction with BH3-only proteins and anti-apoptosis.

The ALDH2 and DRD2/ANKK1 genes interacted in bipolar II but not bipolar I disorder.

Aim: Clarifying the association between bipolar I and bipolar II, the two most common subtypes of bipolar disorder, at the genetic level is essential for improving our understanding of these disorders. The dopaminergic system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder. It may be important to investigate genes involved in metabolizing dopamine and encoding dopamine receptors, such as the aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) and dopamine D2 receptor/ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1 (DRD2/ANKK1) genes.

MAOA interacts with the ALDH2 gene in anxiety-depression alcohol dependence.

Background: Alcohol dependence is usually comorbid with anxiety disorder, depressive disorder, or both; this comorbidity may increase drinking behavior. We previously hypothesized that anxiety-depressive alcohol dependence (ANX/DEP ALC) was a genetically specific subtype of alcohol dependence. ANX/DEP ALC may be related to dopamine and serotonin, which are catalyzed by monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2).

Temperamentsxgenes in bipolar I and bipolar II disorder patients.

We found the main effects of harm avoidance temperament in predicting bipolar I and II, but the interaction between novelty seeking and Ser9Gly polymorphisms of dopamine D3 receptor gene was demonstrated in bipolar-I patients only. This study provided evidence that differences existed between BP-I and BPII in gene and temperament interactions.

Correlation between errors on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and the availability of striatal dopamine transporters in healthy volunteers.

Background: Although studies have indicated that the frontal lobe plays an important role in performance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and that basal ganglia play a specific role in frontal lobe function, the role of striatal dopamine (DA) activity in performance on the WCST remains unclear.

Methods: We assessed the relation between the availability of striatal dopamine transporters (DATs) and performance on the WCST as a measure of executive function in healthy individuals. We approximated the availability of DATs in 53 healthy volunteers aged 19-61 years by use of single photon emission computed tomography with technetium-99m (99mTc)-TRODAT-1 as the ligand.

The association between the harm avoidance subscale of the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire and serotonin transporter availability in the brainstem of male volunteers.

The relationship between harm avoidance scores of the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire and serotonin transporter availability, as approximated using single photon emission computed tomography with [(123)I] ADAM, was examined. Our results showed a significant negative correlation between the harm avoidance total score, as well as the asthenia subscore, and serotonin transporter availability, particularly in males.

Higher striatal dopamine transporters in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder: a SPECT study with [Tc] TRODAT-1.

Objectives: Dopamine has been implicated in the etiology of bipolar disorder. The aim of this study was to explore striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) availability in euthymic bipolar patients.

Methods: Seventeen drug-free euthymic bipolar patients were recruited.

The role of valproate in metabolic disturbances in bipolar disorder patients.

Background: Our previous report showed that patients with bipolar disorder (BD) have higher prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and obesity in Taiwan. To confirm whether the metabolic disturbances is associated with the disease itself or the medications used for treating BD, we further compared the metabolic status among the valproate (VPA) treated BD patients, drug-free BD patients and healthy controls in Taiwan.

Method: This cross-sectional study included 119 healthy controls and 77 BD patients diagnosed according to the DSMIV-TR criteria in a university hospital.

Age, gender, depression, and sexual dysfunction in Taiwan.

Introduction: The effects of age and gender on sexual function have attracted much attention in recent years, though few studies have focused on this issue in Asian populations.

Aims: The Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (CSFQ) was used to: (i) assess the differences in sexual functioning between unmedicated outpatients with depressive disorders and healthy volunteers; and (ii) investigate the influences of gender and age on sexual functioning in both groups.

Main Outcome Measures: The CSFQ was used to assess sexual dysfunction.

Critical roles of translationally controlled tumor protein in the homeostasis and TCR-mediated proliferation of peripheral T cells.

Translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) is expressed throughout T cell development and prominently induced following T cell activation. However, its function(s) during these processes is unclear. Here, we demonstrated that conditional deletion of TCTP before the beta selection checkpoint resulted into a partial block of thymocyte development at the double-negative (DN) 3 stage.

Interaction of serotonin-related genes affects short-term antidepressant response in major depressive disorder.

Background: Four serotonin-related genes including guanine nucleotide binding protein beta polypeptide 3 (GNB3), 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A (HTR1A; serotonin receptor 1A), 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A (HTR2A; serotonin receptor 2A), and solute carrier family 6 member 4 (SLC6A4; serotonin neurotransmitter transporter) have been suggested to be candidate genes for influencing antidepressant treatment outcome. The aim of this study was to explore whether interaction among these genes could contribute to the pharmacogenomics of short-term antidepressant response in a Taiwanese population with major depressive disorder (MDD).

Methods: Included in this study were 101 MDD patients who were treated with antidepressants, 35 of whom were rapid responders and 66 non-responders after 2weeks of treatment.

Social support and striatal dopaminergic activities: is there a connection?

Objectives: Although patients' social support is a critical factor for the prognosis of mental disorder treatments, biological mechanisms responsible for the impact of social support remain scarcely explored. We speculated that there may be an association between social support and central dopaminergic activities in humans.

Methods: A total of 65 medicated patients with schizophrenia and their primary first-degree caregivers and 54 healthy volunteers were recruited for Studies 1 and 2, respectively.

The risk factors of Internet addiction--a survey of university freshmen.

This study was designed to explore the risk factors of Internet addiction in 1360 freshmen of the National Cheng Kung University in Taiwan in 2003. The test battery included a self-administrated structured questionnaire, the Chinese Internet Addiction Scale-Revision (CIAS-R), the 12-item Chinese Health Questionnaire (CHQ-12), the Measurement of Support Functions (MSF), and the neuroticism subscale of the Maudsley Personality Inventory (MPI). Of the total study population, there were 680 college freshmen (17.

Association between serotonin transporter availability and overall rating scores of quality of life in healthy volunteers.

Depression and impaired quality of life (QOL) are frequently observed in patients suffering from a variety of diseases. In addition, it has been reported that an enhanced degradation of the serotonin precursor tryptophan may contribute to QOL deterioration in some diseases. However, it is unclear whether the correlation between the QOL scores and the central serotonergic tone is only mediated by the severity of either the depression symptoms or the physical illness itself.

MAOA-uVNTR polymorphism may modify the protective effect of ALDH2 gene against alcohol dependence in antisocial personality disorder.

Background: Antisocial alcoholism is related to dopamine and serotonin which are catalyzed by monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2). The objective of this study is to determine whether the interaction between the MAOA and the ALDH2 genes is associated with subjects with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) having alcoholism.

Methods: A total of 294 Han Chinese men in Taiwan including 132 ASPD with alcoholism (Antisocial ALC) and 162 without alcoholism (Antisocial Non-ALC) were recruited in this study.

Promoter knock-in mutations reveal a role of Mcl-1 in thymocyte-positive selection and tissue or cell lineage-specific regulation of Mcl-1 expression.

We previously demonstrated that IL-3 stimulates transcription of the antiapoptotic gene mcl-1 via two promoter elements designated as the SIE and CRE-2 sites. To further study the functional role of these two DNA elements, mutant mice with targeted mutations of both SIE and CRE-2 sites (SC mutants) were generated. Homozygous SC mutants manifested a markedly reduced level of Mcl-1 in thymus but not in other major organs such as spleen, liver, lung, or heart.

High prevalence of metabolic disturbances in patients with bipolar disorder in Taiwan.

Background: Both ethnicity and lifestyle may contribute to these abnormalities. High prevalences of obesity and metabolic disturbances in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) have been reported in western countries. However, reports about the prevalences in Asian countries remain scant.

The reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Modified Overt Aggression Scale.

Objective. Instruments to assess aggressive behaviors in the psychiatric ward are crucial for monitoring risky behaviors. The purpose of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS).

Screening for bipolar disorder in medicated patients treated for unipolar depression in a psychiatric outpatient clinic using the Mood Disorder Questionnaire.

Objective. The aim of this study was to examine the rate of the misdiagnosis of bipolar disorder in outpatients who had been treated for unipolar depression with antidepressants in Taiwan and to verify the validity of the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) in this population. Method.