[Response of Soil Multifunctionality to Reduced Microbial Diversity].

Soil microbial communities play an important role in driving a variety of ecosystem functions and ecological processes and are the primary driving force in maintaining the biogeochemical cycle. It has been observed that soil microbial diversity decreases with land use intensification and climate change in the global background. It is essential to investigate whether the reduction in soil microbial diversity can affect soil multifunctionality.

[Characterization of Soil Organic Carbon Mineralization Under Different Gradient Carbon Loading in Paddy Soil].

Available carbon is the most active part of the soil carbon pool. It is also the main carbon source of soil microbes and plays an important role in the processes of soil organic carbon mineralization and accumulation. However, the mechanisms are still not clear how soil organic carbon mineralization and its priming effect (PE) are affected by different input levels of readily available carbon, based on the growth requirements of microbes in paddy soil.

[Microbial Carbon Source Metabolic Profile in Rice Rhizosphere and Non-rhizosphere Soils with Different Long-term Fertilization Management].

Rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil samples under different long-term fertilization treatments including control without fertilizer (CK), chemical fertilization alone (NPK), rice residues combined with NPK (NPKS), 30% manure plus 70% chemical fertilizers (LOM), and 60% manure plus 40% chemical fertilizers (HOM) were collected from a paddy field in a red soil hilly area in Ningxiang City, Hunan Province, China. The characteristics of microbial carbon utilization in the soils were studied. Results of O-HO tracer analysis showed that both soil microbial biomass carbon content (MBC) and microbial growth rate () were highest in the HOM treatment, whereas they were lowest in CK.

[Characteristics of amino sugar accumulation in rhizosphere and non rhizosphere soil of rice under different fertilization treatments].

Soil samples were collected from paddy ecosystem under five long-term fertilization treatments, including control without fertilizer (CK), chemical fertilization alone (NPK), rice residue combined with NPK (NPKS), 30% manure plus 70% chemical fertilizer (LOM), and 60% manure plus 40% chemical fertilizer (HOM) in Ningxiang City, Hunan Province. The cha-racteristics of amino sugars accumulation in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils at rice tillering stage were analyzed. Results showed that the contents of soil organic carbon, total amino sugars and three amino monosaccharides (muramic acid, glucosamine and galactosamine) with long-term application of organic materials (rice residue or manure) were significantly higher compared with CK and NPK.

[Transformation and Distribution of Soil Organic Carbon and the Microbial Characteristics in Response to Different Exogenous Carbon Input Levels in Paddy Soil].

The turnover of soil organic carbon (SOC) and the activity of soil microbes can be influenced by exogenous carbon. However, microbial response characteristics of the transformation and distribution of available organic carbon under different levels remain unclear in paddy soils. C-labeled glucose was used as a typical available exogenous carbon to simulate indoor culture experiments added at different levels of soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) (0×MBC, 0.

A K+ channel from salt-tolerant melon inhibited by Na+.

• The possible roles of K(+) channels in plant adaptation to high Na(+) conditions have not been extensively analyzed. Here, we characterize an inward Shaker K(+) channel, MIRK (melon inward rectifying K(+) channel), cloned in a salt-tolerant melon (Cucumis melo) cultivar, and show that this channel displays an unusual sensitivity to Na(+) . • MIRK expression localization was analyzed by reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR).

Isolation and characterization of a GS2 gene in melon (Cucumis melo L.) and its expression patterns under the fertilization of different forms of N.

We isolated a novel glutamine synthetase (GS, EC 6.3.1.