Rapid and Efficient Polymer/Contaminant Removal from Single-Layer Graphene via Aqueous Sodium Nitrite Rinsing for Enhanced Electronic Applications.

The removal of surface residues from single-layer graphene (SLG), including poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) polymers and Cl ions, during the transfer process remains a significant challenge with regard to preserving the intrinsic properties of SLG, with the process often leading to unintended doping and reduced electronic performance capabilities. This study presents a rapid and efficient surface treatment method that relies on an aqueous sodium nitrite (NaNO) solution to remove such contaminants effectively. The NaNO solution rinse leverages reactive nitric oxide (NO) species to neutralize ionic contaminants (e.

Phylogenetic and Functional Diversity of Soluble Di-Iron Monooxygenases.

Monooxygenase (MO) enzymes are responsible for the oxidation of hydrocarbons and other compounds in the carbon and nitrogen cycles, are important for the biodegradation of pollutants and can act as biocatalysts for chemical manufacture. The soluble di-iron monooxygenases (SDIMOs) are of interest due to their broad substrate range, high enantioselectivity and ability to oxidise inert substrates such as methane. Here, we re-examine the phylogeny and functions of these enzymes, using recent advances in the field and expansions in sequence diversity in databases to highlight relationships between SDIMOs and revisit their classification.

Instability of high polygenic risk classification and mitigation by integrative scoring.

Polygenic risk scores (PRS) continue to improve with novel methods and expanding genome-wide association studies. Healthcare and commercial laboratories are increasingly deploying PRS reports to patients, but it is unknown how the classification of high polygenic risk changes across individual PRS. Here, we assess the association and classification performance of cataloged PRS for three complex traits.

Poly(amic acid)-Polyimide Copolymer Interfacial Layers for Self-Powered CHNHPbI Photovoltaic Photodiodes.

Hybrid organohalide perovskites have received considerable attention due to their exceptional photovoltaic (PV) conversion efficiencies in optoelectronic devices. In this study, we report the development of a highly sensitive, self-powered perovskite-based photovoltaic photodiode (PVPD) fabricated by incorporating a poly(amic acid)-polyimide (PAA-PI) copolymer as an interfacial layer between a methylammonium lead iodide (CHNHPbI, MAPbI) perovskite light-absorbing layer and a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS) hole injection layer. The PAA-PI interfacial layer effectively suppresses carrier recombination at the interfaces, resulting in a high power conversion efficiency () of 11.

Biomimetic 3D Prototyping of Hierarchically Porous Multilayered Membranes for Enhanced Oil-Water Filtration.

This study introduces a biomimetic approach to 3D printing multilayered hierarchical porous membranes (MHMs) using Direct Ink Writing (DIW) technology. Fabricated through a fast layer-by-layer printing process with varying concentrations of pore-forming agents, the produced MHMs mimic the hierarchical pore structure and filtration capabilities of natural soil systems. As a result, the 3D-printed MHMs achieved an impressive oil rejection rate of 99.

Light-Driven Nanonetwork Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles via 3D Printing for Optical Sensors.

Additive manufacturing known as 3D printing has transformed the material landscape, with intricate structures and rapid prototyping for modern production. While nanoscale 3D printing has made significant progress, a critical challenge remains in the rapid, high-throughput tailoring of complex nanostructures. Here, we present a 3D printing-facilitated, light-driven assembly technology for rapid surface patterning consisting of complex particle nanonetworks with balanced fabrication resolution and processing scalability.

Heterozygous variants disrupting the interaction of ERF with activated ERK1/2 cause microcephaly, developmental delay, and skeletal anomalies.

Heterozygous deleterious null alleles and specific missense variants in the DNA-binding domain of the ETS2 repressor factor (ERF) cause craniosynostosis, while the recurrent p.(Tyr89Cys) missense variant is associated with Chitayat syndrome. Exome and whole transcriptome sequencing revealed the ERF de novo in-frame indel c.

3D-Printed Polymeric Biomaterials for Health Applications.

3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, holds immense potential for rapid prototyping and customized production of functional health-related devices. With advancements in polymer chemistry and biomedical engineering, polymeric biomaterials have become integral to 3D-printed biomedical applications. However, there still exists a bottleneck in the compatibility of polymeric biomaterials with different 3D printing methods, as well as intrinsic challenges such as limited printing resolution and rates.

Antibiotic-Mediated Plasmonic Resonance on a Novel Nanopillar Metasurface Array.

This study demonstrates a silicon nanopillar metasurface coupled with localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) mediated by the presence of cephalexin antibiotics in solution for biosensing applications. A facile fabrication process was developed to create the metasurface on silicon wafers with a unique resonance signature. The resulting metasurface consists of periodic nanopillars approximately 180 nm in diameter, 210 nm deep, and with a controlled edge-to-edge separation of 200 nm.

Genome-wide association study identifies the genetic basis of key agronomic traits in 207 sugar beet accessions.

Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) has emerged as one of the two primary crops, alongside sugarcane, for global sugar production. Comprehensively understanding sucrose synthesis, transport, and accumulation in sugar beet holds great significance for enhancing sugar production. In this study, we collected a diverse set of 269 sugar beet accessions worldwide and measured 12 phenotypes, comprising biomass, soluble sugar content, and 10 taproot-related traits.

Photon shifting and trapping in perovskite solar cells for improved efficiency and stability.

Advanced light management techniques can enhance the sunlight absorption of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). When located at the front, they may act as a UV barrier, which is paramount for protecting the perovskite layer against UV-enabled degradation. Although it was recently shown that photonic structures such as Escher-like patterns could approach the theoretical Lambertian-limit of light trapping, it remains challenging to also implement UV protection properties for these diffractive structures while maintaining broadband absorption gains.

Instability of high polygenic risk classification and mitigation by integrative scoring.

Polygenic risk scores (PRS) continue to improve with novel methods and expanding genome-wide association studies. Healthcare and commercial laboratories are increasingly deploying PRS reports to patients, but it is unknown how the classification of high polygenic risk changes across individual PRS. Here, we assessed association and classification performance of cataloged PRS for three complex traits.

Rewritable Surface-Grafted Polymer Brushes with Dynamic Covalent Linkages.

Surface grafting of polymer brushes drastically modifies surface properties, including wettability, compatibility, responsiveness, etc. A broad variety of functionalities can be introduced to the surface via different types of polymers. Bringing together properties of two or more types of polymer brushes to one surface opens up even more possibilities in brush-modified materials.

Interphase-Controlled Inkjet Printing of MicroInlaid OLEDs: Effects of Solvent- and Solute-Polymer Interactions.

Inkjet printing, a highly promising technique for the cost-effective fabrication of large-scale organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs), typically necessitates the intricate alignment of precisely patterned insulating layers. Recently, we introduced a unique single-step inkjet printing process that produces well-patterned microinlaid spots of functional compounds through insulating polymer layers. This approach exploits lateral phase separation between the solute of functional compounds and the polymer, allowing the simultaneous spatial etching of the polymer and the infilling of the solute using a single inkjet-printed sessile droplet.

Development of a whole-cell biosensor for ethylene oxide and ethylene.

Ethylene and ethylene oxide are widely used in the chemical industry, and ethylene is also important for its role in fruit ripening. Better sensing systems would assist risk management of these chemicals. Here, we characterise the ethylene regulatory system in Mycobacterium strain NBB4 and use these genetic parts to create a biosensor.

Preliminary study on AI-assisted diagnosis of bone remodeling in chronic maxillary sinusitis.

Objective: To construct the deep learning convolution neural network (CNN) model and machine learning support vector machine (SVM) model of bone remodeling of chronic maxillary sinusitis (CMS) based on CT image data to improve the accuracy of image diagnosis.

Methods: Maxillary sinus CT data of 1000 samples in 500 patients from January 2018 to December 2021 in our hospital was collected. The first part is the establishment and testing of chronic maxillary sinusitis detection model by 461 images.

Rapid, Micron-Resolution 3D Printing of Nd:YAG Ceramic with Optical Gain.

Polycrystalline yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) ceramic doped with neodymium (Nd), referred to as Nd:YAG, is widely used in solid-state lasers. However, conventional powder metallurgy methods suffer from expenses, time consumption, and limitations in customizing structures. This study introduces a novel approach for creating Nd:YAG ceramics with 3D free-form structures from micron (∼70 µm) to centimeter scales.

Radical Homopolymerization of Linear α-Olefins Enabled by 1,4-Cyano Group Migration.

α-Olefins are valued and abundant building blocks from fossil resources. They are widely used to provide small-molecule or polymeric products. Despite numerous advantages of radical polymerization, it has been well-documented as textbook knowledge that α-olefins and their functionalized derivatives cannot be radically homopolymerized because of the degradative chain transfer side reactions.

Gut bacteria exacerbates TNBS-induced colitis and kidney injury through oxidative stress.

Gut microbiota has been implicated in the initiation and progression of various diseases; however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive and effective therapeutic strategies are scarce. In this study, we investigated the role and mechanisms of gut microbiota in TNBS-induced colitis and its associated kidney injury while evaluating the potential of dietary protein as a therapeutic intervention. The intrarectal administration of TNBS induced colitis in mice, concurrently with kidney damage.

Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of the retina under acute high intraocular pressure.

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202419110-00032/figure1/v/2024-03-08T184507Z/r/image-tiff High intraocular pressure causes retinal ganglion cell injury in primary and secondary glaucoma diseases, yet the molecular landscape characteristics of retinal cells under high intraocular pressure remain unknown. Rat models of acute hypertension ocular pressure were established by injection of cross-linked hyaluronic acid hydrogel (Healaflow®).