The potential of plasma-activated water in safe and sustainable food production: a comprehensive review of recent advances and future trends.

Climate change and food security issues have increased the demand for effective and sustainable technologies in the food and agriculture sectors. Plasma-activated water (PAW), a novel cleaning and disinfecting agent enriched with reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, has attracted widespread attention due to its potential application in maintaining microbiological safety and other quality parameters of food products. Compared to traditional disinfection methods, PAW is rapid and effective for various products, unrestricted by the volume or shape of the treated sample, and is green and sustainable.

Signal mining and analysis of ripretinib adverse events: a real-world pharmacovigilance analysis based on the FAERS database.

Background: Ripretinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor indicated for the treatment of adult patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) who have previously received treatment with at least three kinase inhibitors. The objective of this study was to evaluate adverse events(AEs) associated with ripretinib using data from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.

Methods: Individual case safety reports (ICSRs) related to of ripretinib from 2020 Q2 to 2024 Q2 were extracted from the FAERS database.

Nickel-catalyzed reductive arylalkylation of alkenes: 5- cyclization 6- cyclization 1,2-aryl migration to 6- product.

The detailed mechanisms of Ni-catalyzed reductive arylalkylation of unactivated alkenes with aryl bromides to synthesize benzene-fused 5- and 6- cyclic compounds were systematically investigated by DFT calculations. Our finding reveals that, under the catalysis of a Ni/biOx system with Zn as a reductant, bromobenzene containing a terminal olefin unit preferentially undergoes traditional Heck cyclization and cross-coupling reactions, favoring the formation of 5- cyclization products. In contrast, when Zn is absent, Ni-alkyl species play a pivotal role, facilitating a rare 1,2-aryl migration followed by H-atom abstration, which selectively yields 6- cyclization products.

Development and evaluation of a 3D ensemble framework for automatic diagnosis of early osteonecrosis of the femoral head based on MRI: a multicenter diagnostic study.

Background: Efficient and reliable diagnosis of early osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) based on MRI is crucial for the formulation of clinical treatment plans. This study aimed to apply artificial intelligence (AI) to achieve automatic diagnosis and visualization of early ONFH, thereby improving the success rate of hip-preserving treatments.

Method: This retrospective study constructed a multicenter dataset using MRI data of 381 femoral heads from 209 patients with ONFH collected from four institutions (including 239 early ONFH cases and 142 non-ONFH cases).

mRNA lipid nanoparticle-incorporated nanofiber-hydrogel composite generates a local immunostimulatory niche for cancer immunotherapy.

Hydrogel materials have emerged as versatile platforms for various biomedical applications. Notably, the engineered nanofiber-hydrogel composite (NHC) has proven effective in mimicking the soft tissue extracellular matrix, facilitating substantial recruitment of host immune cells and the formation of a local immunostimulatory microenvironment. Leveraging this feature, here we report an mRNA lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-incorporated NHC microgel matrix, termed LiNx, by incorporating LNPs loaded with mRNA encoding tumour antigens.

Inhibition of IL-21/IL-21R Signaling by Fucoxanthin: Structure-Based and Experimental Analysis.

Dysregulated activation of the interleukin-21 (IL-21)/IL-21 receptor (IL-21R) signaling pathway is strongly associated with inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, which positions the pathway as a promising therapeutic target. Given the current lack of approved inhibitors or monoclonal antibodies targeting IL-21/IL-21R, we employed a structure-based virtual screening strategy coupled with experimental validation to identify potential IL-21 antagonists from a library of marine natural products provided by TargetMol. Our investigation identified fucoxanthin, a marine-derived carotenoid, as a potent binder to IL-21R, exhibiting a docking score of -8.

Decoding Mechanisms of PTEN Missense Mutations in Cancer and Autism Spectrum Disorder using Interpretable Machine Learning Approaches.

Missense mutations in oncogenic proteins that are concurrently associated with neurodevelopmental disorders have garnered significant attention. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) serves as a paradigmatic model for mapping its mutational landscape and identifying genotypic predictors of distinct phenotypic outcomes, including cancer and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Despite extensive research into the genotype-phenotype correlations of PTEN mutations, the mechanisms underlying the dual association of specific PTEN mutations with both cancer and ASD (PTEN-cancer/ASD mutations) remain elusive.

Metformin as a potential antidepressant: Mechanisms and therapeutic insights in depression.

Depression is one of the most disabling psychiatric disorders, whose pathophysiology has not been fully understood. Increasing numbers of preclinical studies have highlighted that metformin, as the first-line hypoglycaemic agent, has a potential pleiotropic effect on depression. Moreover, there is emerging evidence that metformin shows antidepressant activity and improves depressive symptoms in rodent models of depression.

Genome-wide characterization of the AlkB homolog (ALKBH) gene family in Litopenaeus vannamei identifies LvALKBH1 and LvALKBH8 as promising crustacean mA demethylases involved in molting regulation and ammonia stress response.

N-methyladenosine (mA) is the most abundant chemical modification on eukaryotic mRNAs. In crustaceans, the absence of canonical mA demethylases, namely fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) and AlkB Homolog 5 (ALKBH5), poses an unresolved puzzle about the mA demethylation machinery of these invertebrates. Here, a genome-wide search for potential ALKBH gene family members in the whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei was conducted.

Real-world safety of maribavir: a retrospective study based on signal detection in the FDA adverse event reporting system.

Background: Maribavir is a novel antiviral agent targeting cytomegalovirus through inhibition of the UL97 protein kinase, exhibiting a distinct mechanism of action. However, limited data are available on its safety profile post-marketing.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the adverse events (AEs) associated with maribavir using the Food and Drug Administration's Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), providing insights to inform clinical practice.

Regularly Arranged Heterogeneous Pores in Gas Separation Membranes Constructed by Cocrystallization of Porous Organic Molecules.

Integrating two or more materials to construct membranes with heterogeneous pore structures is an effective strategy for enhancing separation performance. Regularly arranging these heterogeneous pores can significantly optimize the combined effect of the introduced components. Porous Organic Cages (POCs), an emerging subclass of porous materials composed of discrete molecules, assemble to form interconnected pores and exhibit permanent porosity in the solid state.

Ultrastable Imidazole-linked Porous Organic Cages for Ammonia Capture and Detection.

Here, we report the facile synthesis of imidazole-linked porous organic cages (IPOCs) via an in situ cyclization reaction protocol. Specifically, three IPOCs with [2+4] lantern-like structures and one with a [3+6] triangular prism structure were successfully prepared through condensation reactions between tetraformyl-functionalized calix[4]arene and bis(o-phenylenediamine) monomers in a single pot. Notably, these IPOCs exhibit high porosity, with Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface areas reaching up to 1162 m g.

Molecular Display of the Animal Meta-Venome for Discovery of Novel Therapeutic Peptides.

Animal venoms, distinguished by their unique structural features and potent bioactivities, represent a vast and relatively untapped reservoir of therapeutic molecules. However, limitations associated with comprehensively constructing and expressing highly complex venom and venom-like molecule libraries have precluded their therapeutic evaluation via high-throughput screening. Here, we developed an innovative computational approach to design a highly diverse library of animal venoms and "metavenoms".

Proteomic study of the inhibitory effects of tannic acid on MRSA biofilm.

Introduction: The mechanism of tannic acid (TA) intervention on methicillin-resistant (MRSA, USA 300) biofilm formation was explored using proteomics.

Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of TA against the MRSA standard strain USA 300 was determined by two-fold serial dilution of the microbroth. The effects of TA were studied using crystal violet staining.

Germination affects structural and techno-functional properties of proteins from quinoa seeds with increased realease of antioxidant peptides by gastrointestinal digestion.

This study investigated the impact of germination on quinoa protein (QP) composition, techno-functional properties, and the release of antioxidant peptides during gastrointestinal digestion. Germinated QP (GQP) at 36 and 48 h showed significant degradation of storage proteins. GQP12 and GQP24 exhibited increased surface hydrophobicity but decreased solubility, foaming, and emulsifying properties, while that of GQP60 and GQP72 were improved.

A novel insight into the antidepressant effect of cannabidiol: possible involvement of the 5-HT1A, CB1, GPR55, and PPARγ receptors.

Background: Depression is a prevalent and disabling disorder that poses serious problems in mental health care, and rapid antidepressants are novel treatments for this disorder. Cannabidiol (CBD), a nonintoxicating phytocannabinoid, is thought to have therapeutic potential due to its important neurological and anti-inflammatory properties. Despite major advances in pharmacotherapy in experimental animals, the exact mechanism of antidepressant-like effects remains to be elucidated.

Evaluation of tolerability and safety of transcranial electrical stimulation with gel particle electrodes in healthy subjects.

Background: With the advancement of transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) technology, an increasing number of stimulation devices and treatment protocols have emerged. However, safety and tolerability remain critical concerns before new strategies can be implemented. Particularly, the use of gel particle electrodes brings new challenges to the safety and tolerability of tES, which hinders its widespread adoption and further research.

[Clinicopathological Features and Outcomes of Perioperative Treatment for Small Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder].

Objective: Small cell carcinoma of the bladder (SCCB) is a rare malignant tumor of the bladder. This study aims to explore its clinicopathological features and prognostic factors and to explore the role of perioperative treatment methods.

Methods: The clinical data of SCCB patients admitted to West China Hospital, Sichuan University over 8 years from January 2016 to January 2024 were collected.

Self-Adaptive Magnetic Liquid Metal Microrobots Capable of Crossing Biological Barriers and Wireless Neuromodulation.

Magnetic liquid-bodied microrobots (MRs) possess nearly infinite shape adaptivity. However, they currently confront the risk of structure instability/crushes during shape-morphing in tiny biological environments. This article reports that magnetic liquid metal (LM) MRs (LMMRs) show high structure stability and robust magnetic maneuverability.

synthesized perovskite/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane nanocomposites for robust X-ray imaging.

Perovskites are extensively studied in scintillation detection due to their low cost, simple synthesis, high scintillation light yield, and rapid decay times. However, their instability to light and radiation leads to scintillation performance degradation. To address these stability concerns, this paper proposes a new perovskite nanocrystal (NC) synthesis method that employs aminopropyllsobutyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) as a ligand and a coating layer to passivate the perovskite NCs, significantly enhancing their stability and photoluminescence efficiency.

Polyunsaturated triacylglycerol accumulation mainly attributes to turnover of de novo-synthesized membrane lipids in stress-induced starchless Chlamydomonas.

Assembly of PUFA-attached TAGs is intimately correlated to turnover of newly formed membrane lipids in starch-deficient Chlamydomonas exposed to high light and nitrogen stress under air-aerated mixotrophic conditions. Triacylglycerols (TAGs) rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in microalgae have attracted extensive attention due to its promising application in nutraceuticals and other high-value compounds. Previous studies revealed that PUFAs accumulated in TAG primarily derived from the dominant membrane lipids, monogalactosyldiacylglycerolipid, digalactosyldiacylglycerol and diacylglycerol-N,N,N-trimethylhomoserine (DGTS), in the model alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

Evaluation of the nutritional quality of yeast protein in comparison to animal and plant proteins using growing rats and INFOGEST model.

Yeast, identified as a microorganism, boasts a considerable protein content, positioning yeast protein as a highly promising alternative in the quest for sustainable protein sources. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the protein quality of yeast protein and compare it with animal proteins (whey concentrate/isolate proteins) and plant proteins (soy, wheat, pea proteins). Notably, yeast protein exhibits the highest ratio of indispensable/dispensable amino acids (IAAs/DAAs, 0.