Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography: Technological development and applications in brain science.

Brain diseases are a leading cause of disability and death worldwide. Early detection can lead to earlier intervention and better outcomes for patients. In recent years, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) imaging have been widely used in stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and brain cancer due to their advantages of , unlabeled, and high-resolution 3D microvessel imaging at the capillary resolution level.

Hepatic SIRT6 protects against cholestatic liver disease primarily inhibiting bile acid synthesis.

Cholestatic liver disease, caused by the accumulation of hazardous bile acids in the liver, may result in cirrhosis, fibrosis, or liver failure. Activation of SIRT6 prevents cholestasis-associated pathological events, such as oxidative stress and mitochondrial biogenesis disorders, and inhibits bile acid synthesis to alleviate cholestatic liver injury. However, it is still uncertain which pathway is responsible for the therapeutic effect of SIRT6 in reducing cholestasis.

Universal synthesis of pure-phase IB-group Sn-based alloys with modulable electrocatalytic CO reduction products.

We present a universal preparation method for synthesizing a range of pure-phase IB-group Sn-based alloy catalysts (CuSn, AgSn, and AuSn) for electrochemical reduction of CO to C product. The selectivity can be widely adjusted by altering metal composition and potential, improving the understanding of the structure-activity relationship in various Sn-based alloys.

Photocatalyzed Imino-Difluoromethylation of Alkenes with Bifunctional Oxime Esters.

Herein, we report a simple and versatile difluoromethylene-imide reaction in which a series of olefins can undergo a difluoromethylenimine reaction under photocatalytic conditions through an energy transfer (EnT) process. The reaction has mild conditions and a wide range of applicability. We successfully synthesized 27 molecules containing difluoromethylene units, featuring easily accessible starting materials and operational simplicity.

Full-length RNA sequencing and single-nucleus sequencing deciphers programmed cell death and developmental trajectories in laticiferous canals of fruits.

Introduction: Programmed cell death (PCD) is a fundamental biological process crucial for plant development. Despite recent advancements in our understanding of PCD's molecular mechanisms, the intricate orchestration of this process within plant cells remains enigmatic. To address this knowledge gap, the present study focuses on , a plant species renowned for its unique fruit anatomy, including laticiferous canals that secrete latex.

Unpaired fundus image enhancement based on constrained generative adversarial networks.

Fundus photography (FP) is a crucial technique for diagnosing the progression of ocular and systemic diseases in clinical studies, with wide applications in early clinical screening and diagnosis. However, due to the nonuniform illumination and imbalanced intensity caused by various reasons, the quality of fundus images is often severely weakened, brings challenges for automated screening, analysis, and diagnosis of diseases. To resolve this problem, we developed strongly constrained generative adversarial networks (SCGAN).

Difficult intubation in a patient with acute epiglottitis and abscess complicated with cervical necrotizing fasciitis: A case report.

Introduction: Acute epiglottitis is not uncommon and it can cause high mortality due to airway obstruction. Acute epiglottitis complicated with cervical necrotizing fasciitis has rarely been reported, and it is also a life-threatening disease with a fatality rate of 7% to 50%.

Patient Concerns: A 64-year-old woman presented to our hospital with chief complaints of sore throat and cervical swelling, long with foreign body sensation and hoarseness.

Sucralose triggers insulin resistance leading to follicular dysplasia in mice.

Sucralose, the extensively utilized sweetener, might lead to metabolic disorders with prolonged consumption, but it remains uncertain if sucralose has any impact on female reproductive health. We incorporated sucralose into drinking water and observed food intake, body weight, estrous cycle, follicular development, serum hormones, and insulin sensitivity of mice. The mice did not experience any changes in their food intake or body weight after consuming sucralose.

Neuroprotective effects of anti-TRAIL-ICG nanoagent and its multimodal imaging evaluation in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) is a major challenge to neuronal survival in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, effective neuroprotective agents remain to be developed for the treatment of CIRI. In this work, we have developed an Anti-TRAIL protein-modified and indocyanine green (ICG)-responsive nanoagent (Anti-TRAIL-ICG) to target ischemic areas and then reduce CIRI and rescue the ischemic penumbra.

Emerging Drug Delivery Vectors: Engineering of Plant-Derived Nanovesicles and Their Applications in Biomedicine.

Extracellular vesicles can transmit intercellular information and transport biomolecules to recipient cells during various pathophysiological processes in the organism. Animal cell exosomes have been identified as potential nanodrugs delivery vehicles, yet they have some shortcomings such as high immunogenicity, high cytotoxicity, and complicated preparation procedures. In addition to exosomes, plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDVs), which carry a variety of active substances, are another promising nano-transport vehicles emerging in recent years due to their stable physicochemical properties, wide source, and low cost.

Standardized training nurses's humanistic care practice ability: A cross-sectional survey in western China during COVID-19.

Aim: This study aims to investigate the current status and determinants of humanistic care practice abilities among standardized training nurses in China during the post-COVID-19 era, as well as to propose management strategies.

Design: A cross-sectional study.

Methods: Deliberately chosen were 517 standardized training nursing students from a provincial-level training facility in western China.

Enhancing Security and Flexibility in the Industrial Internet of Things: Blockchain-Based Data Sharing and Privacy Protection.

To address the complexities, inflexibility, and security concerns in traditional data sharing models of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), we propose a blockchain-based data sharing and privacy protection (BBDSPP) scheme for IIoT. Initially, we characterize and assign values to attributes, and employ a weighted threshold secret sharing scheme to refine the data sharing approach. This enables flexible combinations of permissions, ensuring the adaptability of data sharing.

Photochemically induced chloromethylation/cyclization of benzimidazole derivatives with CCl/CHCl.

Herein, it is reported that a series of trichloromethyl/dichloromethyl substituted benzimidazole derivatives have been synthesized by dechlorination of CCl/CHCl to form polychloromethyl radicals and cyclization with an unactivated olefin under a purple LED lamp. The protocol features a wide substrate scope, high atom economy, and excellent regioselectivity, and is easy to scale up.

Weight bearing training alleviates muscle atrophy and pyroptosis of middle-aged rats.

Background: Age-related muscle atrophy and adipose accumulation begin to occur in young and middle-aged individuals, and exercise at an early age improves body composition. Pyroptosis may play an essential role in age-related low-grade inflammation. This study aimed to explore the alleviation of muscle atrophy by weight-bearing training with increasing age inhibition of pyroptosis.

Aircraft route recovery based on distributed integer programming method.

In order to further promote the application and development of unmanned aviation in the manned field, and reduce the difficulty that airlines cannot avoid due to unexpected factors such as bad weather, aircraft failure, and so on, the problem of restoring aircraft routes has been studied. To reduce the economic losses caused by flight interruption, this paper divides the repair problem of aircraft operation plans into two sub problems, namely, the generation of flight routes and the reallocation of aircraft. Firstly, the existing fixed-point iteration method proposed by Dang is used to solve the feasible route generation model based on integer programming.

Robust Vascular Segmentation for Raw Complex Images of Laser Speckle Contrast Based on Weakly Supervised Learning.

Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) is widely used for in vivo real-time detection and analysis of local blood flow microcirculation due to its non-invasive ability and excellent spatial and temporal resolution. However, vascular segmentation of LSCI images still faces a lot of difficulties due to numerous specific noises caused by the complexity of blood microcirculation's structure and irregular vascular aberrations in diseased regions. In addition, the difficulties of LSCI image data annotation have hindered the application of deep learning methods based on supervised learning in the field of LSCI image vascular segmentation.

When Object Detection Meets Knowledge Distillation: A Survey.

Object detection (OD) is a crucial computer vision task that has seen the development of many algorithms and models over the years. While the performance of current OD models has improved, they have also become more complex, making them impractical for industry applications due to their large parameter size. To tackle this problem, knowledge distillation (KD) technology was proposed in 2015 for image classification and subsequently extended to other visual tasks due to its ability to transfer knowledge learned by complex teacher models to lightweight student models.

Developmental Programmed Cell Death Involved in Ontogenesis of Capitate Glandular Hairs.

Plant glandular trichomes have received much attention due to their commercial and biological value. Recent studies have focused on the development of various glands in plants, suggesting that programmed cell death (PCD) may play an important role during the development of plant secretory structures. However, the development processes and cytological characteristics in different types of plant secretory structures differed significantly.