Automated Fast Prediction of Bone Mineral Density From Low-dose Computed Tomography.

Background: Low-dose chest CT (LDCT) is commonly employed for the early screening of lung cancer. However, it has rarely been utilized in the assessment of volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and the diagnosis of osteoporosis (OP).

Purpose: This study investigated the feasibility of using deep learning to establish a system for vBMD prediction and OP classification based on LDCT scans.

Association of Blood Pressure with Neurological Function Decline and Functional Outcome in Patients of Watershed Infarction.

Background And Aims: The association between acute-phase blood pressure (BP) and outcomes in watershed infarction (WI) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between BP and BP changes with neurological functional decline (NFD) and functional outcome at 90 days.

Methods: We included patients with WI from a prospective, observational, single-center study (Effect of Cardiac Function on Short-Term Functional Prognosis in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke, SPARK).

A novel hybrid deep learning framework based on biplanar X-ray radiography images for bone density prediction and classification.

Unlabelled: This study utilized deep learning for bone mineral density (BMD) prediction and classification using biplanar X-ray radiography (BPX) images from Huashan Hospital Medical Checkup Center. Results showed high accuracy and strong correlation with quantitative computed tomography (QCT) results. The proposed models offer potential for screening patients at a high risk of osteoporosis and reducing unnecessary radiation and costs.

Methylome analysis in long-lived men deciphers DNA methylation modifications associated with male longevity in humans.

Men, despite having a lower likelihood of longevity compared to women, generally exhibit better health status when they achieve longevity. The role of DNA methylation in this paradox remains unclear. We performed whole-genome bisulfite sequencing on long-lived men (LLMs), long-lived women (LLWs), younger men (YMs) and younger women (YWs) to explore specific methylation characteristics in LLMs.

Development and validation of risk-stratified biopsy decision pathways incorporating MRI and PSA-derived indicators.

Objectives: Develop risk-adapted conditional biopsy pathways utilizing MRI in combination with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) density (PSAD) and the ratio of free to total PSA (f/tPSA), respectively, to enhance the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) while minimizing 'negative' biopsies in low-risk patients.

Methods: The Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) category, PSAD, f/tPSA and biopsy-pathology of 1018 patients were collected retrospectively. Subsequently, PSAD and f/tPSA were divided into four intervals, which were then combined with the MRI findings to construct two risk stratification matrix tables.

Clinical and PSG Characteristics Comparison of Central Sleep Apnea in the Elderly and Non-Elderly Patients.

Objective: To explore the characteristics of elderly patients with central sleep apnea (CSA).

Methods: This retrospective study divided 123 patients with CSA into elderly and non-elderly groups, and compared them in terms of demographic characteristics (age, BMI, etc), underlying diseases (hypertension, coronary heart disease, and cardiac arrhythmias, etc). and polysomnography parameters.

Rewiring of Uric Acid Metabolism in the Intestine Promotes High-Altitude Hypoxia Adaptation in Humans.

Adaptation to high-altitude hypoxia is characterized by systemic and organ-specific metabolic changes. This study investigates whether intestinal metabolic rewiring is a contributing factor to hypoxia adaptation. We conducted a longitudinal analysis over 108 days, with seven time points, examining fecal metabolomic data from a cohort of 46 healthy male adults traveling from Chongqing (a.

Effects of actinomycetes on the growth, antioxidant and genes expression in P. Y. li.

. P. Y.

Ischemic insular damage and stress ulcer in patients of acute ischemic stroke.

Background And Aims: Stress ulcer (SU) is a common complication in patients with acute ischemic stroke. The relationship of infarction location and the incidence of SU was unclear. Herein, we aim to investigate the association between ischemic insular damage and the development of SU.

Left ventricular ejection fraction <60 % is associated with short-term functional disability in patients of acute ischemic stroke.

Background And Objective: The association between cardiac dysfunction and functional outcome in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is not clear. We aimed to investigate the relationship between the routinely assessed left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and functional outcomes in patients with AIS.

Methods: Data came from a prospective, observational, single-center study (Effect of Cardiac Function on Short-term Functional Prognosis in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke, SPARK).

Methylation entropy landscape of Chinese long-lived individuals reveals lower epigenetic noise related to human healthy aging.

The transition from ordered to noisy is a significant epigenetic signature of aging and age-related disease. As a paradigm of healthy human aging and longevity, long-lived individuals (LLI, >90 years old) may possess characteristic strategies in coping with the disordered epigenetic regulation. In this study, we constructed high-resolution blood epigenetic noise landscapes for this cohort by a methylation entropy (ME) method using whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS).

Real-world experience of teriflunomide in relapsing multiple sclerosis: paramagnetic rim lesions may play a role.

Objectives: The aims of this study were to report the effectiveness and safety of teriflunomide in Chinese patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and to explore the association of paramagnetic rim lesion (PRL) burden with patient outcome in the context of teriflunomide treatment and the impact of teriflunomide on PRL burden.

Methods: This is a prospective observational study. A total of 100 RRMS patients treated with teriflunomide ≥3 months were included in analyzing drug persistence and safety.

Automatic segmentation of hepatocellular carcinoma on dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI based on deep learning.

. Precise hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) detection is crucial for clinical management. While studies focus on computed tomography-based automatic algorithms, there is a rareness of research on automatic detection based on dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging.

Joint radiomics and spatial distribution model for MRI-based discrimination of multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, and myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein-IgG-associated disorder.

Objective: To develop a discrimination pipeline concerning both radiomics and spatial distribution features of brain lesions for discrimination of multiple sclerosis (MS), aquaporin-4-IgG-seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein-IgG-associated disorder (MOGAD).

Methods: Hyperintensity T2 lesions were delineated in 212 brain MRI scans of MS (n = 63), NMOSD (n = 87), and MOGAD (n = 45) patients. To avoid the effect of fixed training/test dataset sampling when developing machine learning models, patients were allocated into 4 sub-groups for cross-validation.

Real-world effectiveness and safety of evolocumab in very high-risk atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Background: We investigated evolocumab's real-world effectiveness and safety on a background of statin therapy in the acute phase of ischemic stroke (IS) patients with a very high-risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).

Methods: A real-world, single-center, retrospective study was conducted in the neurology department at Tianjin Huanhu Hospital in China. Patients were divided into two groups: evolocumab treatment (140 mg every two weeks) or the standard of care (SOC) group.

Structural, static, and dynamic functional MRI predictors for conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease: Inter-cohort validation of Shanghai Memory Study and ADNI.

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a critical prodromal stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the mechanism underlying the conversion is not fully explored. Construction and inter-cohort validation of imaging biomarkers for predicting MCI conversion is of great challenge at present, due to lack of longitudinal cohorts and poor reproducibility of various study-specific imaging indices. We proposed a novel framework for inter-cohort MCI conversion prediction, involving comparison of structural, static, and dynamic functional brain features from structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) and resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) between MCI converters (MCI_C) and non-converters (MCI_NC), and support vector machine for construction of prediction models.

Anterior cruciate ligament femoral footprint is oblong-ovate, triangular, or two-tears shaped in healthy young adults: three-dimensional MRI analysis.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the morphology of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) femoral footprint with three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (3D MRI) in healthy knees.

Methods: Fifty subjects with healthy knees were recruited, utilising 3D-SPACE sequences for ACL evaluation. The ACL was manually segmented, and the shape, size and location of the ACL femoral footprint were evaluated on a reformatted oblique-sagittal plane, which aligned closely with the ACL attachment.

Altered Neurovascular Coupling in Patients With Mitochondrial Myopathy, Encephalopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-Like Episodes (MELAS): A Combined Resting-State fMRI and Arterial Spin Labeling Study.

Background: Coupling between neuronal activity and blood perfusion is termed neurovascular coupling (NVC), and it provides a potentially new mechanistic perspective into understanding numerous brain diseases. Although abnormal brain activity and blood supply have been separately reported in mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS), whether anomalous NVC would be present is unclear.

Purpose: To investigate NVC changes and potential neural basis in MELAS by combining resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) and arterial spin labeling (ASL).

Online decision tools for personalized survival prediction and treatment optimization in elderly patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Despite major advances in cancer therapeutics, the therapeutic options of Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma (LSCC)-specific remain limited. Furthermore, the current staging system is imperfect for defining a prognosis and guiding treatment due to its simplicity and heterogeneity. We sought to develop prognostic decision tools for individualized survival prediction and treatment optimization in elderly patients with LSCC.

Sex Differences in Prevalence and Clinical Correlates of Depression in Individuals Infected with Omicron in China.

Purpose: Sex differences in depression have been well recognized. However, sex differences in depression among Omicron-infected individuals have received little systematic study. This study compared sex differences in depression in infected individuals during the 2022 Omicron pandemic in China.

Value of a combined magnetic resonance imaging-based radiomics-clinical model for predicting extracapsular extension in prostate cancer: a preliminary study.

Background: Extracapsular extension (ECE) of prostate cancer (PCa) is closely related to the treatment and prognosis of patients, and radiomics has been widely used in the study of PCa. This study aimed to evaluate the value of a combined model considering magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based radiomics and clinical parameters for predicting ECE in PCa.

Methods: A total of 392 PCa patients enrolled in this retrospective study were randomly divided into the training and validation sets at a ratio of 7:3.