Ultra-high temporal resolution 4D angiography using arterial spin labeling with subspace reconstruction.

Purpose: To achieve ultra-high temporal resolution non-contrast 4D angiography with improved spatiotemporal fidelity.

Methods: Continuous data acquisition using 3D golden-angle sampling following an arterial spin labeling preparation allows for flexibly reconstructing 4D dynamic angiograms at arbitrary temporal resolutions. However, k-space data is often temporally "binned" before image reconstruction, negatively affecting spatiotemporal fidelity and limiting temporal resolution.

Integrative bioinformatics analysis reveals mitochondrial-Immune crosstalk in depression and stroke: a multi-omics mechanistic exploration.

Stroke, a leading cause of disability and mortality globally, often cooccurs with depression or poststroke depression (PSD). The intricate interplay between mitochondrial metabolism and immune-related inflammation in depression and stroke remains a pivotal yet unresolved area. This study harnessed bioinformatics to elucidate the distinct contributions of mitochondrial metabolism and the immune microenvironment, as well as their complex interactions, to the pathogenesis of depression and stroke.

Altered spatiotemporal consistency and their genetic mechanisms in mild cognitive impairment: a combined neuroimaging and transcriptome study.

The Four-dimensional (spatiotemporal) Consistency of local Neural Activities (FOCA) metric was utilized to assess spontaneous whole-brain activity. Despite its application, the genetic underpinnings of FOCA alterations in Alzheimer's Disease (AD)-related Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) remain largely unexplored. To elucidate these changes, we analyzed group FOCA differences in 41 MCI patients and 46 controls from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database.

Exploration of formate as a liquid organic hydrogen carrier in biohydrogen production through evolutionary and process engineering of hyperthermophilic archaeon.

Hydrogen (H) is considered a promising renewable energy source, but its storage and delivery present significant challenges. Liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHC) offer a potential solution to this problem, with formate as a top candidate for LOHC. This study focused on developing technology for biological H production from formate by utilizing the hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus onnurineus NA1.

Combination of water-saving irrigation and controlled-release fertilizer application reduced gaseous nitrogen loss in single-crop paddy soil.

Through a paddy soil column experiment, we comprehensively evaluated the effects of three irrigation practices and three nitrogen (N) fertilizer application strategies on NH volatilization, NO emissions, and rice yields during the rice growing season to identify the optimal irrigation and fertilization combination technique to reduce both NH and NO losses in paddy soil while sustaining rice yield. In addition, we integrated molecular biology techniques (Quantitative PCR) to establish correlations between environmental factors and the abundance of N cycling-related soil microbial functional genes, revealing the intricate interactions between NH volatilization and NO emissions under varied coupling irrigation and fertilization schemes. Our results clearly showed a trade-off relationship between NO and NH emissions under water-saving irrigation practices (controlled irrigation (CI) and intermittent irrigation (II)) coupling with traditional fertilizer urea.

Exosomes carrying adipose mesenchymal stem cells function alleviate scleroderma skin fibrosis by inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad3 axis.

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a connective tissue disease characterized by progressive fibrosis of the skin and visceral organs, to date, skin fibrosis remains a clinical therapeutic challenge. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) have been considered extremely promising for the treatment of SSc, and the biological effects of MSCs are partly attributed to the secretion of exosomes (exos). Our aim was to determine whether exosomes derived from AMSCs have parental biological effects to AMSCs in the therapy of SSc skin fibrosis.

EIF4A3-Mediated Biogenesis of CircFADS1 Promotes the Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma via Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway.

Mounting research indicates that circRNAs are pivotal elements in tumorigenesis and progression. Understanding the mechanisms by which circRNAs function in tumors is crucial for identifying undiscovered diagnostic and treatment targets. This research centers on unraveling the mechanisms by which the novel circRNA, circFADS1, influences hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression.

Inhibition of SLC3A2 Deletion-Mediated Ferroptosis by Bone Marrow Stromal Cells to Alleviate Inflammation and Fibrosis in Diabetic Kidney Disease.

Renal fibrosis and inflammatory infiltration are common pathological features of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are recognized for their anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory properties. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of BMSCs on DKD and elucidate their potential mechanisms of action.

Analysis of respiratory RNA virus detection in the laboratory of a teaching hospital in Shanghai from 2017 to 2023.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the detection and epidemiological characteristics of common influenza viruses (IVA/IVB) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in a teaching hospital in Shanghai from 2017 to 2023, and to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on the transmission and detection rates of these viruses.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of IVA/IVB and RSV cases detected in hospitals from 2017 to 2023. Data was categorized into pre, during and post outbreaks based on the timing of the COVID-19 outbreak and further subdivided by season and age group.

Transcriptomic profiles link corticostriatal microarchitecture to genetics of neurodevelopment and neuropsychiatric risks.

Many studies on macroscale organization have focused on only the cerebral cortex or striatum, leaving a large gap in the microstructural gradient of corticostriatal covariance. Here, we partitioned the striatum into seven distinct parcels and computed the microstructural covariance between each parcel and the cerebral cortex using T1-weighted/T2-weighted mapping. We found that corticostriatal microstructural covariance exhibited a microstructural gradient along the anterior-posterior axis of the striatum.

CircMFN2/miR-361-3p/ELK1 feedback loop promotes glutaminolysis and the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Current evidence indicates that circRNAs are involved in the development of multiple malignancies including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the specific functions of circRNAs in HCC metabolism and progression and their underlying regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. We have identified a novel circRNA circMFN2, by bioinformatics analysis of circRNA microarray data from the GEO database.

Classifying COVID-19 hospitalizations in epidemiology cohort studies: The C4R study.

Rationale: Robust COVID-19 outcomes classification is important for ongoing epidemiology research on acute and post-acute COVID-19 conditions. Protocolized medical record review is an established method to validate endpoints for clinical trials and cardiovascular epidemiology cohorts; however, a protocol to adjudicate hospitalizations for COVID-19 among epidemiology cohorts was lacking.

Objectives: We developed a protocol to ascertain and adjudicate hospitalized COVID-19 across a meta-cohort of 14 US prospective cohort studies.

CD9-enriched extracellular vesicles from chemically reprogrammed basal progenitors of salivary glands mitigate salivary gland fibrosis.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from stem cells offer promising potential for cell-free therapy. However, refining their cargo for precise disease targeting and delivery remains challenging. This study employed chemical reprogramming via dual inhibition of transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) to expand salivary gland basal progenitor cells (sgBPCs).

Refractory hypercalcemia caused by parathyroid-hormone-related peptide secretion from a metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor: a case report.

Background: The parathyroid-hormone-related peptide has been shown in earlier studies to be secreted by pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, although its secretion by gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors is very rare. In contrast, a number of solid tumors, such as lung cancer and renal cell carcinoma, have frequently been shown to secrete parathyroid-hormone-related peptide.

Case Presentation: We describe a case report of a 53-year-old Canadian white patient with refractory parathyroid-hormone-related-peptide-mediated hypercalcemia associated with metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and review the available research.

Integrated analysis of dermatomyositis reveals heterogeneous immune infiltration and interstitial lung disease-associated endotype.

Background: Dermatomyositis (DM) is an autoimmune disease with a high rate of disability and mortality especially in DM with concurrent interstitial lung disease (DM-ILD). Little is known about inflammatory signature and heterogeneous endotypes of DM.

Objective: We aimed to illustrate the systemic inflammatory signature of DM and define an ILD-associated endotype.

Graphene Quantum Dots Attenuate TDP-43 Proteinopathy in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

Aberrant phase separation- and stress granule (SG)-mediated cytosolic aggregation of TDP-43 in motor neurons is the hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In this study, we found that graphene quantum dots (GQDs) potentially modulate TDP-43 aggregation during SG dynamics and phase separation. The intrinsically disordered region in the C-terminus of TDP-43 exhibited amyloid fibril formation; however, GQDs inhibited the formation of amyloid fibrils through direct intermolecular interactions with TDP-43.

Abnormal Brain State in Major Depressive Disorder: A Resting-State Magnetic Resonance Study.

Respective changes in resting-state linear and nonlinear measures in major depressive disorder (MDD) have been reported. However, few studies have used integrated measures of linear and nonlinear brain dynamics to explore the pathological mechanisms underlying MDD. Forty-two patients with MDD and 42 sex- and age-matched healthy controls (HC) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to calculate multiscale entropy (MSE) and regional homogeneity (ReHo).

Signal peptide-independent secretion of keratin-19 by pancreatic cancer cells.

The exclusion of T cells causes immune escape of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). T cell exclusion is mediated by the interaction between CXCR4 on T cells and its ligand, CXCL12, which is complexed to keratin-19 (KRT19) on the surface of PDA cells. KRT19 secretion by PDA cells is essential to this process but is unusual because KRT19 lacks an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-directing signal peptide (SP).

Levothyroxine malabsorption following sleeve gastrectomy.

Summary: Oral levothyroxine (LT4) is prescribed worldwide for hypothyroidism. Bariatric surgery for patients with obesity has shown a substantial, long-term weight loss and considerable improvement of obesity-related diseases. LT4 malabsorption represents a significant cause of refractory hypothyroidism, well known after malabsorptive bariatric surgery such as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

Acid sphingomyelinase downregulation alleviates diabetic myocardial fibrosis in mice.

Increased activity of acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) has been linked to diabetes and organ fibrosis. Nevertheless, the precise influence of ASMase on diabetic myocardial fibrosis and the corresponding molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we aim to elucidate whether ASMase contributes to diabetic myocardial fibrosis through the phosphorylation mediated by MAPK, thereby culminating in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM).

Jasmonic acid improves cadmium tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa) by reducing the production of nitric oxide.

The involvement of jasmonic acid (JA) in the rice's response to cadmium (Cd) stress is well recognized, though the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, exposure to Cd stress rapidly elevated endogenous JA concentrations in rice roots, meanwhile, a mutant coleoptile photomorphogenesis 2 (cpm2) which produces less JA, was more sensitive to Cd stress than its wild type (WT). JA mitigated Cd toxicity by decreasing Cd absorption in root cell wall and shoot, which was achieved by up-regulating the expression of the Cd-chelation and efflux-related genes such as OsHMA3, OsABCG36 and OsCAL1; down-regulating the transcript level of the Cd uptake and translocation-related genes, including OsHMA2, OsCCX2, OsNRAMP1/5, and OsZIP5/7.

M1 macrophage membrane-coated nickel-arsenic nanocomplex promoting synergistic treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

By inducing apoptosis, promoting differentiation and reducing the migration of cancer cells, arsenic has a higher therapeutic effect and lower risk of recurrence and metastasis than conventional anticancer drugs. However, the low bioavailability and adverse side effects of arsenic hinder its application in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, a M1 macrophage membrane-coated nickel-arsenic/polydopamine nanocomplex (NiAsOx@P@M) was constructed to enhance the combined antitumor effects of chemotherapy and immunotherapy.

Effectiveness of Low-Volume Versus High-Volume Ropivacaine for Ultrasound-Guided Maxillary Nerve Block in Double-Jaw Surgery: A Randomized Non-inferiority Trial.

Background: Ultrasound-guided maxillary nerve block (UGMNB) is applied in oral and maxillofacial surgery to improve perioperative analgesia, decrease the risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting, and enhance recovery. However, the optimum volume of ropivacaine used for UGMNB is undetermined. Thus, it was hypothesized that in patients undergoing double-jaw surgery, low- and high-volume ropivacaine reduces perioperative pain with similar efficacy.

Selective utilization of medicinal polysaccharides by human gut Bacteroides and Parabacteroides species.

Human gut Bacteroides and Parabacteroides species play crucial roles in human health and are known for their capacity to utilize diverse polysaccharides. Understanding how these bacteria utilize medicinal polysaccharides is foundational for developing polysaccharides-based prebiotics and drugs. Here, we systematically mapped the utilization profiles of 20 different medicinal polysaccharides by 28 human gut Bacteroides and Parabacteroides species.