Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation in anti-inflammatory therapy: mechanistic insights and future perspectives.

Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) represents a transformative approach for managing a broad spectrum of inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. This comprehensive review delineates the mechanisms underlying VNS, emphasizing the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, and explores interactions within the neuro-immune and vagus-gut axes based on both clinical outcomes and pre-clinical models. Clinical applications have confirmed the efficacy of VNS in managing specific autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, and chronic inflammatory conditions like inflammatory bowel disease, showcasing the variability in stimulation parameters and patient responses.

Glucoconjugated Monoterpene Indole Alkaloids from .

Twenty-six glucoconjugated monoterpene indole alkaloids, including 12 new compounds, rhynchophyllosides A-L (-), and 14 known ones, -, were obtained from the hook-bearing stems of (Miq.) Miq. ex Havil.

Azukisapogenol Triterpene Glycosides from Royle.

Eight azukisapogenol triterpene glycosides, including five new compounds, oxychiliotriterpenosides A⁻E (⁻), two new methyl glucuronide derivatives that proved to be artifacts, oxychiliotriterpenoside E-glucuronic acid methyl ester () and myrioside B-glucuronic acid methyl ester (), and a known one, myrioside B (), was isolated from the aerial part of Royle. Their structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic analyses and chemical methods. Triterpene glycosides were first obtained from , and those containing a galactose unit (, , and ) and diglucosidic or triglucosidic linkage at C-29 (⁻), were reported from species for the first time, which might be recognized as a chemotaxonomic feature of .

New zwitterionic monoterpene indole alkaloids from Uncaria rhynchophylla.

Four new zwitterionic monoterpene indole alkaloids, rhynchophyllioniums A-D (1-4), together with eight known alkaloids (5-12), were isolated from the hook-bearing stems of Uncaria rhynchophylla. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic data analysis of MS, 1D and 2D NMR, and ECD, and the zwitterionic forms and absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were unambiguously confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. All the isolates, including the monoterpene indole alkaloids with free C-22 carboxyl group and those with C-22 carboxyl methyl ester, were proved to be naturally coexisting in the herb by LC-MS analysis.

Simultaneous determination of alizarin and rubimaillin in Rubia cordifolia by ultrasound-assisted ionic liquid-reversed phase liquid chromatography.

Four kinds of ionic liquids were adopted to analyze the content of rubimaillin and alizarin in Rubia cordifolia roots with ultrasonic-assisted extraction coupled with HPLC. The chromatographic column, Purospher star RP-C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm), was used.

[Determination of oleanic acid and paeoniflorin in Paeonia lactiflora by ultrasound-assisted ionic liquid-reversed phase liquid chromatography].

Four kinds of ionic liquids [BMIM] Br, [BMIM] BF4, [BMIM] PF6, [HMIM] PF6 were used to analyze the content of oleanic acid and paeoniflorin in Paeonia lactiflora with ultrasonic-assisted extraction coupled with HPLC. The chromatographic column, Purospher star RP-C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 μm), was used.

Effect of simultaneous variation in temperature and ammonia concentration on percent fertilization and hatching in Crassostrea ariakensis.

The combined effects of temperature and ammonia concentration on the percent fertilization and percent hatching in Crassostrea ariakensis were examined under laboratory conditions using the central composite design and response surface methodology. The results indicated: (1) The linear effects of temperature and ammonia concentration on the percent fertilization were significant (P<0.05), and the quadratic effects were highly significant (P<0.