Circulating DKK1 levels are significantly elevated in obese individuals and are associated with insulin resistance and oxidative stress.

Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) is reportedly involved in various biological functions of the human body. However, the relationship between DKK1 and obesity in humans remains unknown. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to investigate the associations between DKK1 and metabolism-related genes and signaling pathways.

Effect of thyroid peroxidase antibody titers trajectories during pregnancy and postpartum on postpartum thyroid dysfunction.

Objective: To identify risk factors contributing to the development of postpartum hypothyroidism in women newly diagnosed with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) during the first trimester of pregnancy (T1). Additionally, this study aimed to explore the impact of thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) titers trajectories throughout pregnancy and postpartum.

Methods: Thyroid hormone levels and thyroid autoantibody titers were collected from T1 to the 12 month postpartum.

Intestinal NUCB2/nesfatin-1 regulates hepatic glucose production via the MC4R-cAMP-GLP-1 pathway.

Communication of gut hormones with the central nervous system is important to regulate systemic glucose homeostasis, but the precise underlying mechanism involved remain little understood. Nesfatin-1, encoded by nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2), a potent anorexigenic peptide hormone, was found to be released from the gastrointestinal tract, but its specific function in this context remains unclear. Herein, we found that gut nesfatin-1 can sense nutrients such as glucose and lipids and subsequently decreases hepatic glucose production.

Hypothalamic P62 (SQSTM1) regulates energy balance by modulating leptin signaling.

Rationale: The multifaceted functions of p62 (SQSTM1) are increasingly recognized, but its role in hypothalamic metabolism-associated neurons for energy balance has yet to be elucidated.

Methods: Single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-Seq) was performed on hypothalamic tissues from db/db and db/m mice to explore p62 expression. Overexpression and knockout of p62 in hypothalamic POMC neurons were performed AAV-mediated gene delivery and Cre-loxP systems.

AuCePt porous hollow cascade nanozymes targeted delivery of disulfiram for alleviating hepatic insulin resistance.

As the pathophysiological basis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), insulin resistance (IR) is closely related to oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation, while nanozymes have a good therapeutic effect on inflammation and OS by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). Hence, AuCePt porous hollow cascade nanozymes (AuCePt PHNs) are designed by integrating the dominant enzymatic activities of three metallic materials, which exhibit superior superoxide dismutase/catalase-like activities, and high drug loading capacity. In vitro experiments proved that AuCePt PHNs can ultra-efficiently scavenge endogenous and exogenous ROS.

Combined serum CTRP7 and CTRP15 levels as a novel biomarker for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Aims: This study aimed to examine the alterations in the serum CTRP7 and CTRP15 concentrations in patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to assess the diagnostic potential of the log10 (CTRP7+CTRP15) for insulin resistance (IR) and T2DM.

Methods: Serum CTRP7, CTRP15, and adiponectin levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to investigate CTRP7 and CTRP15-related genes and metabolic signaling pathways.

AZGP1 in POMC neurons modulates energy homeostasis and metabolism through leptin-mediated STAT3 phosphorylation.

Zinc-alpha2-glycoprotein (AZGP1) has been implicated in peripheral metabolism; however, its role in regulating energy metabolism in the brain, particularly in POMC neurons, remains unknown. Here, we show that AZGP1 in POMC neurons plays a crucial role in controlling whole-body metabolism. POMC neuron-specific overexpression of Azgp1 under high-fat diet conditions reduces energy intake, raises energy expenditure, elevates peripheral tissue leptin and insulin sensitivity, alleviates liver steatosis, and promotes adipose tissue browning.

Metabolic dysfunction, rather than obesity, is a risk factor for chronic kidney disease in Chinese population.

Background: Metabolic dysfunction and obesity are closely related to chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, studies on the relationship between various metabolic syndrome-body mass index (MetS-BMI) phenotypes and the risk of CKD in the Chinese population have not yet been explored.

Materials And Methods: Data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2015 were analyzed in this study.

Mesenchymal stem cells-based drug delivery systems for diabetic foot ulcer: A review.

The complication of diabetes, which is known as diabetic foot ulcer (DFU), is a significant concern due to its association with high rates of disability and mortality. It not only severely affects patients' quality of life, but also imposes a substantial burden on the healthcare system. In spite of efforts made in clinical practice, treating DFU remains a challenging task.

Association of lactate dehydrogenase and diabetic retinopathy in US adults with diabetes mellitus.

Objectives: The purpose of our investigation is to evaluate the level of relationship between lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the occurrence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in adults with diabetes mellitus (DM).

Methods: The investigation involved an analysis of five sectional data cycles acquired from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2009 to 2018. The present study involved the selection of DM samples from a complex multistage probability sample.

Effect of C-reactive protein deficiency on insulin resistance reversal in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome through augmented leptin action.

Background: C-reactive protein(CRP), is an inflammatory marker that weaken leptin bioavailability and insulin sensitivity to disturb energy and glucose metabolism. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) exhibit a metabolic component consisting of higher plasma CRP levels, hyperinsulinemic and hyperleptinemia. The ability of leptin to regulation of hepatic glucose production (HGP) in the absence of CRP in PCOS remain unknown.

Adiponectin and metabolic cardiovascular diseases: Therapeutic opportunities and challenges.

Metabolic cardiovascular diseases have become a global health concern, and some of their risk factors are linked to several metabolic disorders. They are the leading causes of death in developing countries. Adipose tissues secrete a variety of adipokines that participate in regulating metabolism and various pathophysiological processes.

Hedgehog interacting protein as a circulating biomarker in women with obesity: a cross-sectional study and intervention studies.

Background: Although a study found a significant increase in serum hedgehog interacting protein (HHIP) concentrations in impaired fasting blood glucose, impaired glucose tolerance and newly diagnosed T2DM patients, the variation in circulating HHIP levels in obese individuals remains unknown.

Patients And Methods: Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis were used for differentially expressed genes and signal pathways. The study is comprised of a total of 452 young women, including 248 obese individuals and 204 controls.

Mortality prediction in patients with hyperglycaemic crisis using explainable machine learning: a prospective, multicentre study based on tertiary hospitals.

Background: Experiencing a hyperglycaemic crisis is associated with a short- and long-term increased risk of mortality. We aimed to develop an explainable machine learning model for predicting 3-year mortality and providing individualized risk factor assessment of patients with hyperglycaemic crisis after admission.

Methods: Based on five representative machine learning algorithms, we trained prediction models on data from patients with hyperglycaemic crisis admitted to two tertiary hospitals between 2016 and 2020.

Circulating HHIP Levels in Women with Insulin Resistance and PCOS: Effects of Physical Activity, Cold Stimulation and Anti-Diabetic Drug Therapy.

Serum human hedgehog-interacting protein (HHIP) concentration is associated with diabetes. However, the relationship between HHIP and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or abnormal sex hormones remains unknown. This study was an observational cross-sectional study, with additional short-term intervention studies and follow-up studies.

Elevated circulating GPHB5 levels in women with insulin resistance and polycystic ovary syndrome: A cross-sectional study and multiple intervention studies.

Objective: GPHB5 has been found to be associated with glucose and lipid metabolism in animal studies. However, the association of GPHB5 with IR and metabolic disorders remains unknown, and there is a lack of research in humans. Our aim in this study was to investigate the relationship between circulating GPHB5 and metabolic disorders in humans.

The impact of hyperglycaemic crisis episodes on long-term outcomes for inpatients presenting with acute organ injury: A prospective, multicentre follow-up study.

Background: The long-term clinical outcome of poor prognosis in patients with diabetic hyperglycaemic crisis episodes (HCE) remains unknown, which may be related to acute organ injury (AOI) and its continuous damage after hospital discharge. This study aimed to observe the clinical differences and relevant risk factors in HCE with or without AOI.

Methods: A total of 339 inpatients were divided into an AOI group (n=69) and a non-AOI group (n=270), and their differences and risk factors were explored.

Vitamin D categories and postpartum thyroid function in women with hypothyroidism.

Objective: To analyze the related factors of the postpartum thyroid function in women with overt hypothyroidism (OH)/subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and explore the effects of vitamin D categories.

Methods: Thyroid hormones, thyroid autoantibody, and serum 25OHD levels were continuously recorded from the first trimester of pregnancy (T1) to the 12th postpartum month. Logistic regression analysis and Cox regression analysis were used to screen the related factors of postpartum thyroid function, and the Latent Class Growth Model was performed to analyze the trajectory characteristics of serum 25OHD levels.

TXNIP Exacerbates the Senescence and Aging-Related Dysfunction of β Cells by Inducing Cell Cycle Arrest Through p38-p16/p21-CDK-Rb Pathway.

Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is a crucial molecular promoter of oxidative stress and has been identified to be associated with cellular senescence. It is an important mediator of β cell insulin secretion and has effects on β cell mass. However, its role in β cell senescence is unclear.

Bone morphogenetic protein-9 maybe an important factor which improves insulin resistance in PCOS.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is closely related to insulin resistance (IR). Bone morphogenetic protein-9 (BMP-9) plays an important role in maintaining glucose homeostasis, but an association between BMP-9 and PCOS has not been reported. Here, we report the changes in BMP-9 and the influence of this protein on IR in PCOS.

GPHB5 Is a Biomarker in Women With Metabolic Syndrome: Results From Cross-Sectional and Intervention Studies.

Background: Animal studies have found that GPHB5 has a similar effect on system metabolism as TSH. However, the relationship between GPHB5 and metabolic diseases remains unknown. This study investigates the relationship between GPHB5 and MetS in young women.

Identification and Verification of Diagnostic Biomarkers for Glomerular Injury in Diabetic Nephropathy Based on Machine Learning Algorithms.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is regarded as the leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide and lacks novel therapeutic targets. To screen and verify special biomarkers for glomerular injury in patients with DN, fifteen datasets were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, correspondingly divided into training and testing cohorts and then merged. Using the limma package, 140 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened out between 81 glomerular DN samples and 41 normal ones from the training cohort.