Publications by authors named "Yang Dai"

Schistosomiasis is commonly managed using the praziquantel, but it is only effective against adult worms and duration of action is short. Liver fibrosis will worsen if eggs are still present after stopping treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a sustained drug release system for effectively preventing and treating schistosomiasis.

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Background/aims: Colorectal cancer (CRC) stands as the third most prevalent cancer on a global scale. In recent years, immunotherapy, such as anti-PD-L1 treatment, has demonstrated promising therapeutic outcomes in CRC. However, studies have suggested that intestinal microbiota may influence the efficacy of anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy.

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Because large brains are energetically expensive, they are associated with metabolic traits that facilitate energy availability across vertebrates. However, the biological underpinnings driving these traits are not known. Given its role in regulating host metabolism in disease studies, we hypothesized that the gut microbiome contributes to variation in normal cross-vertebrate species differences in metabolism, including those associated with the brain's energetic requirements.

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The combination of venetoclax (VEN) with hypomethylating agents (HMAs) improves survival in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and may cause neutropenia requiring combined antifungal therapy or prophylaxis. The inhibition of cytochrome P450 activity by azole antifungal agents leads to elevated blood concentrations of VEN. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of venetoclax plus azacitidine (AZA) with azoles in newly diagnosed AML patients.

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Background: Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury is the main cause of death worldwide and poses a significant threat to cardiac health. Ginsenoside Rg1 has been shown to have inhibitory effects on inflammatory activation, oxidative stress, and cardiac injury, suggesting that Rg1 may have therapeutic effects on MI/R injury. However, the mechanism remains to be further studied.

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Objective: Recurrent high-grade gliomas are complicated cancers that require additional treatment options. Magnetic resonance-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRgLITT) is a safe method for treating recurrent high-grade glioma; however, its use in China has not been reported. In this study, we aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of an MRgLITT system (SinoVision™) developed in China for treating recurrent high-grade glioma.

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The Peierls distortion plays an essential role in governing the in-plane ferroelectricity and nonlinear optical characteristics of anisotropic niobium oxide dihalides, such as NbOCl and NbOI. Despite its significance, experimental investigation into the structural, optical, and ferroelectric properties of NbOBr has been lacking. Here, the successful fabrication of centimeter-sized, high-quality NbOBr single crystals, enabling direct observation of Peierls distortion using aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy, is reported.

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Background: Huangqi-Danshen decoction (HDD) is a classic traditional Chinese medicine for treating heart failure. Pericardial adipose tissue (PAT) has recently gained increasing attention in cardiovascular diseases.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of pericardial adipose tissue-derived extracellular vesicles on heart failure, the protective effect of HDD on myocardial remodel in heart failure rats, and identify the potential molecular mechanisms involved.

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Objective: This cross-sectional study aims to assess the associations between serum leptin, adiponectin, leptin-to-adiponectin ratio (L/A ratio), and metabolic syndrome (MS) and HOMA-IR in five African-origin populations: Ghana, South Africa, Jamaica, Seychelles, and US.

Methods: Clinical measures included serum glucose, insulin, adipokines, blood pressure and anthropometric measures. MS was determined using the Harmonized criteria.

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Article Synopsis
  • Exposure to toxic metals like lead and arsenic is linked to increased risks of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM), but the exact mechanisms are still unclear.
  • A study analyzed the impacts of these metals on gut microbiota and cardiometabolic health in 178 adults of African descent, revealing significant associations between high metal levels and various health markers such as BMI and blood glucose.
  • The findings suggest that specific gut microbiome taxa are influenced by lead and arsenic exposure, potentially contributing to metabolic issues, particularly through pathways related to porphyrin metabolism.
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Background: Perinatal depression is one of the most common medical complications during pregnancy and postpartum period, affecting 10% to 20% of pregnant individuals, with higher rates among Black and Latina women who are also less likely to be diagnosed and treated. Machine learning (ML) models based on electronic medical records (EMRs) have effectively predicted postpartum depression in middle-class White women but have rarely included sufficient proportions of racial/ethnic minorities, which has contributed to biases in ML models. Our goal is to determine whether ML models could predict depression in early pregnancy in racial/ethnic minority women by leveraging EMR data.

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Aims: Immune cell alterations may play a role in the development of atrial fibrillation (AF). Our objective was to comprehensively characterize immune cells in AF, and investigate the potential mechanisms.

Methods And Results: Single-cell RNA sequencing and multicolor flow cytometry revealed that T cells constituted the most significant subset alterations in AF, and senescent CD8+ T cells were AF-associated subset.

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Article Synopsis
  • Cellular senescence plays a critical role in the development of atrial fibrillation (AF), and this study aimed to find senescence-related genes that could serve as therapeutic targets for AF.
  • Researchers utilized data analysis techniques to identify differentially expressed genes related to AF and senescence, pinpointing three key genes (ETS1, SP1, WT1) that are significantly linked to AF.
  • The study suggests that these genes might be viable therapeutic targets due to their favorable interactions with the senolytic drug Navitoclax, enhancing our understanding of AF's underlying mechanisms.
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  • Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a common type of epilepsy that can cause problems with thinking, feelings, and mental health due to frequent seizures, and it often involves changes in a part of the brain called the hippocampus.
  • Researchers induced TLE in mice by injecting a substance and then studied the cells in their brains using advanced techniques to see how their genetic activity changed after the seizures.
  • The study found many changes in the gene activity of brain cells, with some genes becoming more active related to stress and inflammation, while others connected to brain development were less active in TLE-affected areas.
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Temperature distribution can be acquired through non-contact temperature measurement using multispectral imaging. However, the challenge lies in radiometric temperature inversion owing to the unknown emissivity. Despite the promising results demonstrated by traditional algorithms and neural networks, enhancing the precision and reliability of temperature inversion remains a challenge.

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Backgrounds: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common complication of chronic heart failure (HF). Serum phenylalanine (Phe) levels are related to inflammation disorder. It is meaningful to study the circulating Phe with AF occurrence in HF.

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Article Synopsis
  • - The study focuses on developing necroptosis inhibitors to address various inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancers, highlighting their potential therapeutic benefits.
  • - Researchers introduced a specific compound, 26, which shows strong anti-necroptotic effects in both human and mouse cells by effectively inhibiting receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1).
  • - Pharmacokinetic studies and molecular docking revealed that compound 26 can bind well to RIPK1’s allosteric pocket, marking it as a promising candidate for future necroptosis inhibitor research.
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Objectives: Farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTI), which inhibit the prenylation of Ras GTPases, were developed as anti-cancer drugs. As additional target proteins for prenylation were identified in the past, it is likely that FTI have potential value for therapeutic purposes beyond cancer. The effect of FTI on B-cells remains unclear.

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  • Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is gaining attention as a potential factor in assessing coronary artery disease risk, particularly its association with microvascular obstruction (MVO) in patients suffering from ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).
  • The study used cardiac magnetic resonance imaging to analyze the relationship between EAT and MVO, alongside using a mouse model to further investigate EAT's role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and its effects on macrophage behavior.
  • Findings showed that increased EAT mass is linked to heightened MVO formation, indicating EAT acts as a pro-inflammatory mediator; furthermore, GLP-1 receptor agonists may offer therapeutic options by targeting EAT to help prevent MVO
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Article Synopsis
  • Monocytes and macrophages (Mos/Mϕs) are crucial for wound healing, exhibiting a range of functional types, but how this variety is controlled is not well understood.
  • * The study used a refined model incorporating single-cell RNA and ATAC sequencing to analyze the activity of transcription factors (TFs) in Mos/Mϕs during skin wound healing, identifying distinct clusters for early and late stages of healing.
  • * Key findings include the discovery of specific TF networks influencing the behavior of Mos/Mϕs, with NR4A1 shown to play a significant proinflammatory role, as evidenced by altered healing processes in mice lacking this TF.*
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