Isolation, identification, and challenges of extracellular vesicles: emerging players in clinical applications.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) serve as critical mediators of intercellular communication, encompassing exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic vesicles that play significant roles in diverse physiological and pathological contexts. Numerous studies have demonstrated that EVs derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-EVs) play a pivotal role in facilitating tissue and organ repair, alleviating inflammation and apoptosis, enhancing the proliferation of endogenous stem cells within tissues and organs, and modulating immune function-these functions have been extensively utilized in clinical applications. The precise classification, isolation, and identification of MSC-EVs are essential for their clinical applications.

Bioinformatic analysis and experimental validation of six cuproptosis-associated genes as a prognostic signature of breast cancer.

Background: Breast carcinoma (BRCA) is a life-threatening malignancy in women and shows a poor prognosis. Cuproptosis is a novel mode of cell death but its relationship with BRCA is unclear. This study attempted to develop a cuproptosis-relevant prognostic gene signature for BRCA.

Prognostic value of RNA methylation-related genes in gastric adenocarcinoma based on bioinformatics.

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is a malignant tumor that originates from the epithelium of the gastric mucosa and has a poor prognosis. Stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) covers 95% of total gastric cancer. This study aimed to identify the prognostic value of RNA methylation-related genes in gastric cancer.

Construction of a ceRNA network to reveal a vascular invasion associated prognostic model in hepatocellular carcinoma.

The aim of this study is to explore the prognostic value of vascular invasion (VI) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by searching for competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNA) network and constructing a new prognostic model for HCC. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between HCC and normal tissues were identified from GEO and TCGA. StarBase and miRanda prediction tools were applied to construct a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network.

Breast cancer-derived exosomal lncRNA SNHG14 induces normal fibroblast activation to cancer-associated fibroblasts via the EBF1/FAM171A1 axis.

Background: Exosomes released from cancer cells can activate normal fibroblasts (NFs) into cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which promotes cancer development. Our study aims to explore the role and potential mechanisms of breast cancer exosomes-delivered long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) SNHG14 in regulating CAFs transformation.

Methods: Adjacent normal tissues, cancerous and serum specimens were gathered in breast cancer patients.

Plasma Methylated SEPT9 as a Novel Biomarker for Predicting Liver Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer.

This study aimed to explore the role of plasma methylated SEPT9 (mSEPT9) in predicting liver metastasis (LM) in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. The clinicopathological information of 115 consecutive CRC patients were collected. The differences of clinical characteristics and several biomarkers between CRC patients with LM and those with non-liver metastasis (NM) were analyzed.

Exploration of prognostic genes and risk signature in breast cancer patients based on RNA binding proteins associated with ferroptosis.

Breast cancer (BRCA) is a life-threatening malignancy in women with an unsatisfactory prognosis. The purpose of this study was to explore the prognostic biomarkers and a risk signature based on ferroptosis-related RNA-binding proteins (FR-RBPs). FR-RBPs were identified using Spearman correlation analysis.

CEACAM1 Is a Prognostic Biomarker and Correlated with Immune Cell Infiltration in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Background: CEACAM1 has been shown to be aberrantly expressed in a variety of tumors, and modulation of CEACAM1-related signaling pathways has been suggested as a novel approach for cancer immunotherapy in recent years. However, its role in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is unclear.

Methods: The relationship between CEACAM1 and ccRCC was demonstrated based on data from TCGA, GEO, and HPA databases.

Determining the Optimal Cut-Off Values of Serum E2 and FSH for Evaluating the Menopausal Status of Breast Cancer Patients in a Southern Chinese Population.

Background: Chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea (CIA) is one of universal phenomena in breast cancer (BC) patients, and it causes difficulties in evaluating the actual menopausal status which is important for the oncologists to choose appropriate treatment. Currently, serum estradiol (E2) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels are the most commonly used clinical parameters for the assessment of menopausal status in BC patients. However, the optimal cut-off points of serum E2 and FSH have little been explored in southern Chinese population.

Chaperonin containing TCP1 subunit 3 (CCT3) promotes cisplatin resistance of lung adenocarcinoma cells through targeting the Janus kinase 2/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) pathway.

Cisplatin resistance remains a major obstacle to effective chemotherapies for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Chaperonin containing TCP1 subunit 3 (CCT3) has been extensively investigated in various cancers, but not in the context of drug resistance. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the role of CCT3 in cisplatin resistance of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cells.

Metastasis suppressor 1 interacts with α-actinin 4 to affect its localization and regulate formation of membrane ruffling.

Membrane ruffling plays an important role in the directed cell migration and escape of tumor cells from the monolayer. Metastasis suppressor 1 (MTSS1), also known as missing in metastasis, has been implicated in cell morphology, motility, metastasis, and development. Here, the dynamic interaction proteins associated with MTSS1 and involved in membrane ruffling were determined by cross-linking and mass spectrometry analysis.

Preparation of a CaTiO/Al/Pr/Sm nanocomposite for enrichment of exosomes in human serum.

Exosomes (30-200 nm) play important roles in intercellular communication. Because their contents differ between healthy individuals and subjects diagnosed with various diseases, exosomes have been regarded as potential sources of biomarkers for clinical diagnosis. However, the accuracy of diagnosis by exosomal biomarkers is highly dependent on the extraction efficiency, yield, and the quality of exosomes.

Differential mitochondrial proteomic analysis of A549 cells infected with avian influenza virus subtypes H5 and H9.

Background: Both the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 and low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H9N2 viruses have been reported to cross species barriers to infect humans. H5N1 viruses can cause severe damage and are associated with a high mortality rate, but H9N2 viruses do not cause such outcomes. Our purpose was to use proteomics technology to study the differential expression of mitochondrial-related proteins related to H5N1 and H9N2 virus infections.

Increased SPHK1 and HAS2 Expressions Correlate to Poor Prognosis in Pancreatic Cancer.

Objective: SPHK1 and HAS2 have been reported to play important roles in tumorigenesis and development. However, their expression and prognostic value in pancreatic cancer (PC) remain unclear. This study is aimed at investigating the expression of SPHK1 and HAS2 on the prognosis of pancreatic cancer.

Serum ProGRP as a novel biomarker of bone metastasis in prostate cancer.

Background: The prognosis of prostate cancer (PCa) is related to tumor metastasis, among which 80% were bone metastasis. In this study, we investigated the correlation between diverse clinical factors and bone metastasis in PCa patients and identified potential biomarkers of bone metastasis in PCa patients.

Methods: The clinical data of 150 PCa patients were reviewed consecutively from January 2015 to March 2020 in this study.

Bioinformatical Analysis of Gene Expression Omnibus Database Associates TAF7/CCNB1, TAF7/CCNA2, and GTF2E2/CDC20 Pathways with Glioblastoma Development and Prognosis.

Objective: This study bioinformatically analyzed aberrant genes and pathways for associations with glioblastoma development and prognosis.

Methods: The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was searched and 4 GEO datasets (GSE4290, GSE50161, GSE116520, and GSE90598) were retrieved for limma and RobustRankAggreg package analyses of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between glioblastoma and normal brain tissues. Functional enrichment analysis was conducted for the main biological functions of these DEGs, whereas the hub genes were identified using the protein-protein interaction network and confirmed for transcriptional and translational levels using the Cancer Genome Atlas, the Genotype-Tissue Expression, and the Human Protein Atlas data.

Long noncoding RNA OR3A4 promotes the proliferation and invasion of osteosarcoma cells by sponging miR-1227-5p.

Background: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as key players in promoting tumourigenesis in osteosarcoma. LncRNA OR3A4 (OR3A4) has been reported as an oncogene in a number of tumours. However, the clinical value of OR3A4 in osteosarcoma and the role of OR3A4 in osteosarcoma progression are still unknown.

Exosome-transmitted miR-567 reverses trastuzumab resistance by inhibiting ATG5 in breast cancer.

Trastuzumab is commonly used in the treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 positive (HER-2+) breast cancer, but its efficacy is often limited by the emergence of chemoresistance. Recent studies indicate that exosomes act as vehicles for exchange of genetic cargo between heterogeneous populations of tumor cells, engendering a transmitted drug resistance for cancer development and progression. However, the specific contribution of breast cancer-derived exosomes is poorly understood.

Analysis of cyclin E co-expression genes reveals nuclear transcription factor Y subunit alpha is an oncogene in gastric cancer.

Objective: To explore genes potentially co-expressed with cyclin E in gastric cancer and discover possible targets for gastric cancer treatment.

Methods: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) stomach adenocarcinoma sequencing data were used to predict genes co-expressed with cyclin E. Co-expression genes predicted by cBioPortal online analysis with Pearson correlation coefficient ≥0.

Changes in the mitochondrial proteome in human hepatocytes in response to alpha-amanitin hepatotoxicity.

Amanitin-induced apoptosis is proposed to have a significant effect on the pathogenesis of liver damage. However, few reports have focused on proteome changes induced by α-amanitin (α-AMA). Here, we evaluated changes in mitochondrial proteins of hepatocytes in response to 2 μM α-AMA, a concentration at which α-AMA-induced cell damage could be rescued at cellular level by common clinical drugs.

Inhibition of cell invasion and migration by CEACAM1-4S in breast cancer.

Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1), a cell-cell adhesion molecule, has been revealed to perform an important role in tumor progression. Although there are a number of studies on CEACAM1 in patients with breast cancer, there is limited information on the roles of CEACAM1 in breast cancer metastasis. The present study aimed to identify whether CEACAM1 is involved in breast cancer development and to investigate the underlying mechanisms.

Assay of serum CEACAM1 as a potential biomarker for breast cancer.

Background: Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) is a widely expressed multi-functional adhesion molecule reported to serve as a serum biomarker in several types of cancer. However, the serum CEACAM1 expression in breast cancer is unclear. We investigated the serum concentrations of CEACAM1 in patients with breast cancer and determine the potential of serum CEACAM1 as a breast cancer biomarker.

Down-regulation of CEACAM1 in breast cancer.

Carcinoembryonic antigen-related adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) is a type 1 transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the CEA family, which has been found to exist as either soluble forms in body fluids or membrane-bound forms on the cell surface. Aberrant CEACAM1 expression is associated with tumor progression and has been found in a variety of human malignancies. Increasing interest has been devoted to the expression of CEACAM1 in breast cancer, but most of these findings are contradictory.