Circulating Genetically Abnormal Cells Add Non-Invasive Diagnosis Value to Discriminate Lung Cancer in Patients With Pulmonary Nodules ≤10 mm.

Background: Lung cancer screening using low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) often leads to unnecessary biopsy because of the low specificity among patients with pulmonary nodules ≤10 mm. Circulating genetically abnormal cells (CACs) can be used to discriminate lung cancer from benign lung disease. To examine the diagnostic value of CACs in detecting lung cancer for patients with malignant pulmonary nodules ≤10 mm.

Detection of circulating genetically abnormal cells using 4-color fluorescence in situ hybridization for the early detection of lung cancer.

Purpose: Available biomarkers lack sensitivity for an early lung cancer. Circulating genetically abnormal cells (CACs) occur early in tumorigenesis. To determine the diagnostic value of CACs in blood detected by 4-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for lung cancer.

U13 → C13 mutation in the variable region of the NA gene 3'UTR of H9N2 influenza virus influences the replication and transcription of NA and enhances virus infectivity.

The untranslated regions within viral segments are the essential promoter elements required for the initiation of viral replication and transcription. The end of the UTR sequence and part of the ORF sequence constitute the packaging signal for progeny viruses. To explore the influence of single-point and multi-site joint mutations in the UTR of the NA gene on the viral expression, we select clones with upregulated expression of the reporter gene and analyze their sequence characteristics.