A new state observer for active disturbance rejection control with measurement noise and output delay using the PDE-backstepping predictor.

This paper designs a new observer to address the issue of disturbance rejection in nonlinear plants with sense delay and measurement noise. The effect of sensor delay is characterized as a transport equation, and a predictor-based extended state observer has been designed using the PDE (partial differential equation) backstepping method. A cascaded ESO (extended state observer) architecture has been introduced to further reduce the limitation of measurement noise on observer bandwidth.

Stereotactic body radiation therapy for non-small cell lung cancer using the non-coplanar radiation of Cyberknife and Varian linac.

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the planned dose of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for treating early peripheral non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using the non-coplanar radiation from Cyberknife and Varian linac. Moreover, this study investigates whether Cyberknife and Varian linac are qualified for non-coplanar radiation SBRT for treating early peripheral NSCLC, and which one is better for protecting organs at risk (OARs).

Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed based on the Cyberknife radiation treatment plans (RTPs) and Varian Eclipse RTPs of 10 patients diagnosed with early peripheral NSCLC.

Logic information communication in a fluorescent molecular switch.

Based on the chemical-sensitive fluorescence emission behaviors of the molecular switch 4-bromo-5-methoxy-2-(2-pyridyl)thiazole (2-BMPT), the communication of logic information between two functional units has been realized. With the rational control of the protonation and coordination reaction of 2-BMPT, an upstream switching unit (a 1:2 demultiplexer) and two downstream data-processing units are involved and interconnected in the communication. The two output states of the 1:2 demultiplexer serve as the initial input states of the two parallel downstream data-processing units, which execute the information communication between the two circuit layers.

Orientational organization of organic semiconductors within periodic nanoscale silica channels: modification of fluorophore photophysics through hierarchical self-assembly.

Smart nanomaterials: The orientational organization of small organic semiconductors (anthracene, in this case) within periodic nanoscale silica channels (see figure) is achieved through a novel hierarchical self-assembly approach. This elicits interesting optical effects and improved mechanical properties that could be of potential importance for functional materials.A novel hierarchical organic-inorganic self-assembly approach is proposed in driving the orientational organization of small organic semiconductors (anthracene, in this case).