Trajectories of social function in patients with first-episode schizophrenia: Analysis of data from a 10-year follow-up study.

Background: Patients with schizophrenia may have diverse functional outcomes. However, the long-term functional trajectories of patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FES) are unclear.

Methods: We extracted data from the Chinese First-Episode Schizophrenia Trial, a 10-year prospective study of antipsychotic-naïve patients with FES.

Effect of Subanesthetic Dose of Esketamine on Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders in Elderly Undergoing Gastrointestinal Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND), including delayed neurocognitive recovery (dNCR) and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), are common postoperative complications in elderly patients and adversely affect their prognosis. The study was designed to explore the effects of esketamine on postoperative cognitive function in elderly patients who underwent gastrointestinal surgery under general anesthesia and its potential mechanism.

Methods: Eighty-four patients aged 65 and above undergoing gastrointestinal surgery were randomly divided into 2 groups: the esketamine group (group S) and the control group (group C).

Lipid storage myopathy due to late-onset multiple Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency with novel mutations in ETFDH: A case report.

Background: Lipid storage myopathy (LSM) is an autosomal recessive inherited lipid and amino metabolic disorder with great clinical heterogeneity. Variations in the electron transfer flavoprotein dehydrogenase (ETFDH) gene cause multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD), and have a manifestation of LSM. Muscle biopsy helps clarify the diagnosis of LSM, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) can be useful in identifying genomic mutation sites.

DNA Hyper-methylation Associated With Schizophrenia May Lead to Increased Levels of Autoantibodies.

Background And Hypothesis: Environmental stressors may influence immune surveillance in B lymphocytes and stimulate autoimmune responses via epigenetic DNA methylation modifications in schizophrenia (SCZ).

Study Design: A total of 2722, Chinese Han origin subjects were recruited in this study (2005-2011), which included a discovery follow-up cohort with 40 remitters of SCZ (RSCZ), 40 nonremitters of SCZ (NRSCZ), and 40 controls (CTL), and a replication follow-up cohort (64 RSCZ, 16 NRSCZ, and 84 CTL), as well as a case-control validation cohort (1230 SCZ and 1208 CTL). Genomic DNA methylation, target gene mRNA transcripts, and plasma autoantibody levels were measured across cohorts.

Which Subgroup of First-Episode Schizophrenia Patients Can Remit During the First Year of Antipsychotic Treatment?

Objective: To investigate the persistent remission rate (PRR) and its predictors within the first year of antipsychotic treatment in first-episode schizophrenia (FES) patients.

Methods: In a sample of 301 FES patients who remained in antipsychotic treatment for 1 year, we assessed symptoms with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), cognition in six domains and functioning with the Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP).

Results: In total, 75.

Neurocognitive effects of atypical antipsychotics in patients with first-episode schizophrenia.

Cognitive impairment is a core feature of schizophrenia. The effects of atypical antipsychotics on the cognitive functions of patients with first-episode schizophrenia have not been comprehensively investigated so far. This study aims to compare neurocognitive effects of risperidone, olanzapine, and aripiprazole for first-episode schizophrenia.

Influence of More Than 5 Years of Continuous Exposure to Antipsychotics on Cerebral Functional Connectivity of Chronic Schizophrenia.

Objective: To explore the effect of long-term antipsychotics use on the strength of functional connectivity (FC) in the brains of patients with chronic schizophrenia.

Method: We collected resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging from 15 patients with continuously treated chronic schizophrenia (TCS), 19 patients with minimally TCS (MTCS), and 20 healthy controls (HCs). Then, we evaluated and compared the whole-brain FC strength (FCS; including full-range, short-range, and long-range FCS) among patients with TCS, MTCS, and HCs.

Preoperative anxiety induces chronic postoperative pain by activating astrocytes in the anterior cingulate cortex region.

Objective: The study aims to explore the relationship between preoperative anxiety and chronic postoperative pain.

Methods: A total of forty rats were divided into four groups, control, single-prolonged stress alone, Hysterectomy alone, and SPS+ Hysterectomy. The paw withdrawal mechanical thresholds (PWMT) were examined.

An open-label randomised comparison of aripiprazole, olanzapine and risperidone for the acute treatment of first-episode schizophrenia: Eight-week outcomes.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of aripiprazole, olanzapine and risperidone in first-episode schizophrenia (FES).

Methods: The eight-week, open, randomised study was conducted in six Chinese medical centres. Altogether, 498 FES subjects were randomised to aripiprazole ( = 165), olanzapine ( = 168) or risperidone ( = 165).

Rates and predictors of one-year antipsychotic treatment discontinuation in first-episode schizophrenia: Results from an open-label, randomized, "real world" clinical trial.

Antipsychotic treatment discontinuation is a major challenge in the treatment of first-episode schizophrenia (FES) patients. However, the rate and predictors remain unclear. Five hundred and sixty-nine FES patients were randomized to risperidone (n = 190), olanzapine (n = 185) or aripiprazole (n = 194) in a six-site study in China with 1-year follow-up.

[Effects of body-shade resin layer thickness on the color of polyetheretherketone-Crea.lign restorations].

Objective: This study aims to assess the effects of the different thicknesses of body-shade resin layers on the color of polyetheretherketone (PEEK)-Crea.lign restorations.

Methods: Five PEEK specimens with the thickness of 0.

Detection of circulating miRNA levels in schizophrenia.

Objective: Diagnosis of schizophrenia is currently dependent on symptom-based criteria and lacks objective indicators. In this study, the authors investigated whether circulating miRNA can serve as a diagnostic biomarker for schizophrenia.

Methods: Global plasma miRNAs were profiled in a test cohort of 164 schizophrenia patients and 187 control subjects, using Solexa sequencing, TaqMan Low Density Array, and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assays.

Disrupted resting-state functional connectivity in minimally treated chronic schizophrenia.

Objective: The pathophysiology of chronic schizophrenia may reflect long term brain changes related to the disorder. The effect of chronicity on intrinsic functional connectivity patterns in schizophrenia without the potentially confounding effect of antipsychotic medications, however, remains largely unknown.

Method: We collected resting-state fMRI data in 21 minimally treated chronic schizophrenia patients and 20 healthy controls.

MiRNA-365 and miRNA-520c-3p respond to risperidone treatment in first-episode schizophrenia after a 1 year remission.

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) control gene expression by destabilizing target transcripts and inhibiting their translation. Aberrant expression of miRNAs has been described in many human diseases, including schizophrenia. However, the effects on miRNA expression in response to antipsychotic treatment in peripheral circulation have not been thoroughly examined.

[Three methods with functions of modification on aluminum borate whisker and with influence on flexural properties of dental composite resins].

The present paper is aimed to discuss the influence of three different ways on modification of aluminum borate whiskers (AlBw) and on flexural properties of dental composite resins. In Group A, AlBw and silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles were thermally fused directly under certain processes. In Group B, Si-O network was formed on the surface of AlBw via the sol-gel process of tetraethoxysilane, then thermally fused with SiO2 nanoparticles to form AlBw-SiO2 compound as inorganic fillers.

Study of a possible role of the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene in paranoid schizophrenia among a Chinese population.

Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) is the enzyme responsible for degradation of several monoamines, such as dopamine and serotonin that are considered as being two of the most important neurotransmitters involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. To study a possible role of the MAOA gene in conferring susceptibility to schizophrenia, the present study genotyped the variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism and 41 SNPs across this gene among 555 unrelated patients with paranoid schizophrenia and 567 unrelated healthy controls. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis was employed to quantify expression of MAOA mRNA in 73 drug-free patients.

[Influence of nano-silica content on flexural properties of the aluminum borate whisker and silica filler composite resins].

Objective: To discuss the influence of nano-silica content which was hydrolyzed by tetraethyl orthosioate (TEOS) on the aluminum borate whisker (AlBw) and silica filler composite resins on flexural properties.

Methods: The nanometer-size silicon dioxide (SiO2) particles were prepared by sol-gel method based on tetraethyl orthosioate. Different proportion of AlBw and SiO2 were fused and attached onto the surface of AlBw through high temperature, then polymerized with resin matrix after surface siliconization and their flexural strength and flexural modulus were determined.

[Neurocognitive performance in the patients with first-episode schizophrenia and their independent first-degree relatives: a cross-sectional study].

Objective: To evaluate neurocognitive performance in first-episode schizophrenic patients and unaffected first-degree relatives of different patients samples.

Methods: A total of 42 patients with first-episode schizophrenia, 24 unaffected first-degree relatives and 40 healthy individuals, matched with age, gender and years of education, were recruited from both outpatients and inpatients after being diagnosed with structured tool (SCID-I/P). Subjects' cognitive performance was evaluated by a set of neuropsychological test battery, which assessed four cognitive domains including learning and memory, motor skills, speed of processing and executive function.

Sustained attention deficit along the psychosis proneness continuum: a study on the Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART).

Background: Sustained attention deficits have been associated with schizophrenia. However, these findings were limited to patients with schizophrenia and cannot be generalized to a wider nonclinical sample with schizotypal personality features.

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the sensitivity of a theory-driven test, the Sustained Attention Response to Task (SART), in individuals with schizotypal personality features.

[Progress in the studies of methods for testing cytotoxicity of dental biomaterial].

The favorable biocompatibility of dental biomaterial is very important, which guarantees the safety and effectiveness of its clinical application. The cytotoxicity test, as one of the biological evaluation screening tests, is known to be an important and frequently used method to evaluate biocompatibility of biomaterials. This text is devoted to an overview of the cytotoxicity test for dental materials.

Prospective memory in schizophrenia: further clarification of nature of impairment.

Prospective memory (PM) refers to the ability to execute a delayed intention and is different from retrospective memory (RM) in its nature and underlying mechanism (e.g., intention formation, maintenance, detection of PM cue and intention execution).

Objective measures of prospective memory do not correlate with subjective complaints in schizophrenia.

While a number of studies have shown that individuals with schizophrenia are impaired on various types of prospective memory, few studies have examined the relationship between subjective and objective measures of this construct in this clinical group. The purpose of the current study was to explore the relationship between computer-based prospective memory tasks and the corresponding subjective complaints in patients with schizophrenia, individuals with schizotypal personality features, and healthy volunteers. The findings showed that patients with schizophrenia demonstrated significantly poorer performance in all domains of memory function except visual memory than individuals with schizotypal personality disorder and healthy controls.

Preparation of rapamycin-loaded chitosan/PLA nanoparticles for immunosuppression in corneal transplantation.

Rapamycin-loaded chitosan/polylactic acid nanoparticles with size of about 300 nm in diameter were prepared through nanoprecipitation method using cholesterol-modified chitosan as a stabilizer. The surface coating of chitosan, which was demonstrated by zeta potential measurement, endowed the nanoparticles good retention ability at the procorneal area, facilitating the sustained release of rapamycin on the corneal. The immunosuppression in corneal transplantation of the nanoparticles was investigated using rabbit as animal model, the median survival time of the corneal allografts treated with nanoparticles was 27.

An association study between polymorphisms in five genes in glutamate and GABA pathway and paranoid schizophrenia.

Dysfunctions of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission are two important hypotheses for the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Thus, genes in the pathway are candidates for schizophrenia susceptibility. Phosphate-activated glutaminase (GLS), glutamine synthetase (GLUL), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), GABA transaminase (ABAT) and succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH5A1) are five primary enzymes in glutamate and GABA synthetic and degradative pathway.

An association study between polymorphisms in three genes of 14-3-3 (tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein) family and paranoid schizophrenia in northern Chinese population.

We performed an association study between three SNPs in the genes of 14-3-3 family and paranoid schizophrenia. SNP rs983583 G/A in the YWHAZ gene showed significant association with paranoid schizophrenia. Our study indicated that the YWHAZ gene was a potential susceptibility gene for paranoid schizophrenia in the population studied.