Extraction and biological activities of polysaccharides and saponins from : a review.

(), a perennial woody plant of the Araliaceae family, is extensive in Northeast China. Esteemed for both its medicinal and edible qualities in the Changbai Mountain region, its primary components include polysaccharides, saponins, and flavonoids. displays numerous pharmacological effects, such as cardiovascular protection, anti-tumour, anti-fatigue, and hypoglycaemic properties.

1D/2D Heterostructures: Synthesis and Application in Photodetectors and Sensors.

Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor components have excellent physical attributes, such as excellent mechanical ductility, high mobility, low dielectric constant, and tunable bandgap, which have attracted much attention to the fields of flexible devices, optoelectronic conversion, and microelectronic devices. Additionally, one-dimensional (1D) semiconductor materials with unique physical attributes, such as high surface area and mechanical potency, show great potential in many applications. However, isolated 1D and 2D materials often do not meet the demand for multifunctionality.

Research progress of edible mushroom polysaccharide-metal trace element complexes.

Metal trace elements are crucial for human health, and the complexes of edible mushroom polysaccharides with metal trace elements are currently a research hotspot in the field of food science. This article reviews the preparation methods, structural characterization, and physiological activities of edible mushroom polysaccharide-metal trace element complexes, including iron, selenium, and zinc. Research has shown that iron complexes obtained through Co-thermal synthesis of the FeCl method exhibit excellent antioxidant and anti-anemia functions; selenium complexes prepared via selenium-enriched cultivation significantly enhance immunological and anti-cancer properties; zinc complexes improve lipid-lowering, liver protection, and antioxidant capabilities.

Advancements in enzymatic biotransformation and bioactivities of rare ginsenosides: A review.

Ginsenoside, the principal active constituent of ginseng, exhibits enhanced bioavailability and medicinal efficacy in rare ginsenosides compared to major ginsenosides. Current research is focused on efficiently and selectively removing sugar groups attached to the major ginsenoside sugar chains to convert them into rare ginsenosides that meet the demands of medical industry and functional foods. The methods for preparing rare ginsenosides encompass chemical, microbial, and enzymatic approaches.

Gender difference in network relationship between inter-temporal decisions and prefrontal activation levels in internet gaming disorder.

Background: Impulsivity and decision-making are key factors in addiction. However, little is known about how gender and time sensitivity affect impulsivity in internet gaming disorder (IGD).

Objective: To investigate the gender difference of impulsive decision-making and relevant brain responses in IGD.

The model polysaccharide potato galactan is actually a mixture of different polysaccharides.

Commercially-supplied potato galactan (PG) is widely used as a model polysaccharide in various bioactivity studies. However, results using this galactan are not always consistent with the stated composition. Here, we assessed its composition by fractionating this commercial PG and purified its primary components: PG-A, PG-B and PG-Cp with weight-averaged molecular weights of 430, 93, and 11.

Analysis of Structure and Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides from .

We extracted, purified, and characterized three neutral and three acidic polysaccharides from the roots, stems, and leaves of Kitigawa. The results of the analysis of monosaccharide composition indicated that the polysaccharides from the roots and stems were more similar to each other than they were to the polysaccharides from the leaves. The in vitro antioxidant results demonstrated that the acidic polysaccharides had stronger antioxidant activity than the neutral fractions.

Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a Novel Exo-β-1,3-Galactanase from sp. 68.

Arabinogalactans have diverse biological properties and can be used as pharmaceutical agents. Most arabinogalactans are composed of β-(1→3)-galactan, so it is particularly important to identify β-1,3-galactanases that can selectively degrade them. In this study, a novel exo-β-1,3-galactanase, named PoGal3, was screened from sp.

Physical Activity and Academic Procrastination among Chinese University Students: A Parallel Mediation Model of Self-Control and Self-Efficacy.

Unlabelled: Previous studies have suggested that physical activity may decrease academic procrastination; however, few studies have explored the underlying mechanisms of how physical activity exerts an effect on academic procrastination. This study aimed to examine the mediating effects of self-control and self-efficacy in the relationship between physical activity and academic procrastination among Chinese university students.

Methods: A cross-sectional design was used in this study.

Study on the Biochemical Characterization and Selectivity of Three β-Glucosidases From ATCC15703.

Three β-glucosidases from ATCC15703, namely, BaBgl1A, BaBgl3A, and BaBgl3B, were overexpressed in . The recombinant β-glucosidases were sufficiently purified using Ni affinity chromatography, and BaBgl1A exhibited the best purification efficiency with a purification factor of 2.3-fold and specific activity of 71.

and Families in : Genome-Wide Identification, Molecular Characterization, and Expression Profiles in Response to Various Environmental Stressors.

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a large class of highly conserved chaperons, which play important roles in response to elevated temperature and other environmental stressors. In the present study, 5 genes and 17 genes were systematically characterized in spotted seabass (). The evolutionary footprint of genes was revealed via the analysis of phylogeny, chromosome location, and gene copy numbers.

Genome-Wide Identification of NAC Transcription Factor Family in and Their Expression Analysis during the Fruit Development and Ripening.

The NAC (NAM, ATAF and CUC) gene family plays a crucial role in the transcriptional regulation of various biological processes and has been identified and characterized in multiple plant species. However, genome-wide identification of this gene family has not been implemented in , and specific functions of these genes in the development of fruits remain unknown. In this study, we performed genome-wide identification and functional analysis of the NAC gene family during fruit development and identified a total of 114 genes in the genome.

Molecular and Metabolic Insights into Anthocyanin Biosynthesis for Leaf Color Change in Chokecherry ().

Chokecherry ( L.) is an important landscaping tree with high ornamental value because of its colorful purplish-red leaves (PRL). The quantifications of anthocyanins and the mechanisms of leaf color change in this species remain unknown.

Physiological and Proteomic Responses to Drought in Leaves of () Yü et Lu.

Various environmental stresses strongly influence plant development. Among these stresses is drought, which is a serious threat that can reduce agricultural productivity and obstruct plant growth. Although the mechanism of plants in response to drought has been studied extensively, the adaptive strategies of () Yü et Lu grown in drought and rewatered habitats remain undefined.

Transcriptome analysis of salt stress responsiveness in the seedlings of wild and cultivated Ricinus communis L.

Soil salinity is one of the major environmental factors, influencing agricultural productivity of crops. As a non-edible and ideal oilseed crop, castor (Ricinus communis L.) has great industrial value in biofuel, but molecular mechanisms of salt stress regulation are still unknown.

Responses of photosynthesis and antioxidants to simulated acid rain in mulberry seedlings.

Acid rain, which has negative impacts on the vegetation of ecological systems, is widespread in Northern and Southern China. However, relatively little is known about the effects of acid rain on the growth and yield of economically important tree species in China. To address this issue, we studied the responses of mulberry seedlings to simulated acid rain (SAR) at different pH values.

Silicon-induced postponement of leaf senescence is accompanied by modulation of antioxidative defense and ion homeostasis in mustard (Brassica juncea) seedlings exposed to salinity and drought stress.

Soil salinity and drought stress (DS) are the massive problem for worldwide agriculture. Both stresses together become more toxic to the plant growth and development. Silicon (Si) being the second most abundant element in the earth's crust, exerts beneficial effects on plants under both stress and non-stress conditions.

Crosstalk of hydrogen sulfide and nitric oxide requires calcium to mitigate impaired photosynthesis under cadmium stress by activating defense mechanisms in Vigna radiata.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) and nitric oxide (NO) have been known to affect vast number of processes in plants under abiotic stresses. Also, calcium (Ca) works as a second messenger in plants, which underpins the abiotic stress-induced damage. However, the sequence of action of these signaling molecules against cadmium (Cd)-induced cellular oxidative damage remains unidentified.

Polyamine Metabolism, Photorespiration, and Excitation Energy Allocation in Photosystem II Are Potentially Regulatory Hubs in Poplar Adaptation to Soil Nitrogen Availability.

Nitrogen fertilization is common for poplar trees to improve growth and productivity. The utilization of N by poplar largely depends on fertilizer application patterns; however, the underlying regulatory hubs are not fully understood. In this study, N utilization and potentially physiological regulations of two poplar clones (XQH and BC5) were assessed through two related experiments (i: five levels of N supply and ii: conventional and exponential N additions).

Growth performance and nitrogen allocation within leaves of two poplar clones after exponential and conventional nitrogen applications.

Populus species are fast growing with high N requirements; an optimum level of fertilization is necessary for high seedling quality and subsequent plantation productivity. In this study, the morphological and physiological responses of two poplar clones (XH and BL3) to exponential and conventional N dosages were investigated, with a specific focus on leaf traits, the photorespiratory N cycle, and the interconversion of amino acids within leaves. Results show that shoot height and leaf number exponentially increased with plant growth.

First High-Density Linkage Map and QTL Fine Mapping for Growth-Related Traits of Spotted Sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus).

Possessing powerful adaptive capacity and a pleasant taste, spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) has a broad natural distribution and is one of the most popular mariculture fish in China. However, the genetic improvement program for this fish is still in its infancy. Growth is the most economically important trait and is controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTL); thus, the identification of QTLs and genetic markers for growth-related traits is an essential step for the establishment of marker-assisted selection (MAS) breeding programs.

Arbuscular mycorrhiza induced putrescine degradation into γ-aminobutyric acid, malic acid accumulation, and improvement of nitrogen assimilation in roots of water-stressed maize plants.

Water shortage limits plant growth and development by inducing physiological and metabolic disorders, while arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis can improve plant adaptation to drought stress by altering some metabolic and signaling pathways. In this study, root growth and levels of some metabolites (polyamines, amino acids, and malic acid [MA]) and key enzymes were examined in AM-inoculated and non-inoculated (NM) maize seedlings under different water conditions. The results showed that AM symbiosis stimulated root growth and the accumulation of putrescine (Put) during initial plant growth.

Microbial community structure and the relationship with soil carbon and nitrogen in an original Korean pine forest of Changbai Mountain, China.

Background: The broad-leaved Korean pine mixed forest is an important and typical component of a global temperate forest. Soil microbes are the main driver of biogeochemical cycling in this forest ecosystem and have complex interactions with carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) components in the soil.

Results: We investigated the vertical soil microbial community structure in a primary Korean pine-broadleaved mixed forest in Changbai Mountain (from 699 to 1177 m) and analyzed the relationship between the microbial community and both C and N components in the soil.