The prevalence of small airways disease and association with handgrip strength in young Hispanic farmworkers.

Background: Small airways disease (SAD) is a key risk in developing obstructive lung diseases (OLD). Handgrip strength (HGS) is found to be associated with pulmonary function in populations with lung conditions. Hispanics remain the main workforce in farming industry, but their prevalence of lung conditions remain understudied.

An integrated three-stream network model for discriminating fish feeding intensity using multi-feature analysis and deep learning.

Feed costs constitute a significant part of the expenses in the aquaculture industry. However, feeding practices in fish farming often rely on the breeder's experience, leading to feed wastage and environmental pollution. To achieve precision in feeding, it is crucial to adjust the feed according to the fish's feeding state.

Associations Between a Social Determinant of Health Summary Measure and Self-Reported Physical and Mental Health Among Cancer Survivors.

Objective: We sought to examine the associations between a social needs measure and physical, and mental health among cancer survivors in the United States.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using the 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey involving 16,930 eligible cancer survivors. The primary outcomes of interest were self-reported physical and mental health in the past 30 days.

Inhibition of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Ameliorates Cerebral Blood Flow Autoregulation and Cognition in Alzheimer's Disease and Diabetes-Related Dementia Rat Models.

Alzheimer's Disease and Alzheimer's Disease-related dementias (AD/ADRD) pose major global healthcare challenges, with diabetes mellitus (DM) being a key risk factor. Both AD and DM-related ADRD are characterized by reduced cerebral blood flow, although the exact mechanisms remain unclear. We previously identified compromised cerebral hemodynamics as early signs in TgF344-AD and type 2 DM-ADRD (T2DN) rat models.

Upregulation of Xbp1 in NPY/AgRP neurons reverses diet-induced obesity and ameliorates leptin and insulin resistance.

The molecular mechanisms underlying neuronal leptin and insulin resistance in obesity and diabetes are not fully understood. In this study, we show that induction of the unfolded protein response transcription factor, spliced X-box binding protein 1 (Xbp1s), in Agouti-Related Peptide (AgRP) neurons alone, is sufficient to not only protect against but also significantly reverse diet-induced obesity (DIO) as well as improve leptin and insulin sensitivity, despite activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress. We also demonstrate that constitutive expression of Xbp1s in AgRP neurons contributes to improved insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance.

TSPAN4 influences glioblastoma progression through regulating EGFR stability.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is characterized by high morbidity, mortality, and low cure rates. Recent studies suggest that TSPAN4 is recognized as a marker protein for migrasomes, a vesicular organelle associated with cell migration. However, the intrinsic role of TSPAN4 in cancers has not been clarified, especially in GBM.

Association between prescription opioid use and heart failure: Cohort studies and Mendelian randomization analysis.

Background: Prescription opioid use (POU) has been shown to lead to cardiovascular disease (CVD), but its association with heart failure has not been well studied. We investigated the potential causal association between POU and HF using cohort studies and Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis.

Methods: Initially, we examined the longitudinal association between POU and HF using the data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and the UK biobank.

Long-Term Visit-to-Visit Blood Pressure Variability and Cognitive Decline Among Patients With Hypertension: A Pooled Analysis of 3 National Prospective Cohorts.

Background: A limited number of studies investigated the association between blood pressure variability (BPV) and cognitive impairment in patients with hypertension. This study aimed to identify the longitudinal association between BPV and cognitive decline and the role of blood pressure (BP) control in this association.

Methods And Results: Participants with hypertension from the HRS (Health and Retirement Study), the ELSA (English Longitudinal Study of Ageing), and the CHARLS (China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study) were included.

The Impact of Dual-Tasks and Disease Severity on Posture, Gait, and Functional Mobility among People Living with Dementia in Residential Care Facilities: A Pilot Study.

Gait speed and timed-up-and-go (TUG) predict cognitive decline, falls, and mortality. Dual-tasks may be useful in cognitive screening among people living with dementia (PWD), but more evidence is needed. This cross-sectional study aimed to compare single- and dual-task performance and determine the influence of dementia severity on dual-task performance and interference.

Coexistence of a nonresistance-conferring IncI1 plasmid favors persistence of the -bearing IncFII plasmid in .

Unlabelled: The interaction between coexisting plasmids can affect plasmid-carried resistance gene persistence and spread. However, whether the persistence of the gene in clinical Enterobacteriaceae is related to the interaction of coresident nonresistance-conferring plasmids has not been reported. This study was initiated to elucidate how a nonresistance-conferring IncI1 plasmid affected the -bearing IncFII plasmid colocated on the same cell.

Horizontal transfer characterization of ColV plasmids in bla-bearing avian Escherichia coli.

Extended-spectrum-β-lactamases (ESBLs)-producing Escherichia coli conferred resistance to most β-lactams, except for carbapenems. To date, the transmission mechanism of bla, as the most common ESBLs subtype, in E. coli has received sustained attention around the worldwide, but the research on the pathogenicity of bla-bearing E.

Exploring the Association Between Physical Activity and Cognitive Function Among People Living with Dementia.

Background: Physical activity preserves cognitive function in people without dementia, but the relationship between physical activity and cognitive domains among people living with dementia is unclear.

Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the association between physical activity and cognition domains among people living with dementia.

Methods: Participants living with dementia in residential care facilities (complete case analysis: n = 24/42) completed a battery of cognitive tests (global cognition: Montreal Cognitive Assessment; executive function: Trail-Making Test, Digit Span Forward Test; perception and orientation: Benton Judgement of Line Orientation Test; language: Boston Naming Test; learning and memory: Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test; complex attention: Digit Symbol Substitution Test).

Racial disparities in the relationship of regional socioeconomic status and colorectal cancer survival in the five regions of Georgia.

Introduction: The study's purpose was to examine 5-year colorectal cancer (CRC) survival rates between White and Black patients. We also determined whether regional socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with CRC survival between White and Black patients in the Clayton, West Central, East Central, Southeast, and Northeast Georgia public health districts.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort analysis using data from the 1975 to 2016 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program.

The correlation between early net fluid balance and the clinical outcomes of patients receiving extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Objective: To investigate correlation between early net fluid balance and the clinical outcomes of patients receiving extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR).

Methods: Adult patients on ECPR admitted to the Department of Emergency in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from May 2015 to December 2020 were included. Net fluid balance for consecutive 4 days after ECPR was recorded.

Emerging roles of RNA ac4C modification and NAT10 in mammalian development and human diseases.

RNA ac4C modification is a novel and rare chemical modification observed in mRNA. Traditional biochemical studies had primarily associated ac4C modification with tRNA and rRNA until in 2018, Arango D et al. first reported the presence of ac4C modification on mRNA and demonstrated its critical role in mRNA stability and translation regulation.

Aerobic exercise and metformin on intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT): insights from multimodal MRI and histological changes in prediabetic rats.

Background: Physical exercise is the first-line intervention for prediabetes, and metformin is the most widely used oral insulin-sensitizing agent. Moreover, intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) directly affects insulin resistance by helping maintain glucose homeostasis. Here, we evaluated the effects of moderate aerobic exercise and/or metformin on histological IMAT parameters in non-streptozotocin-induced prediabetes.

Hepatocyte-specific Wtap deficiency promotes hepatocellular carcinoma by activating GRB2-ERK depending on downregulation of proteasome-related genes.

Wilm's tumor 1-associating protein (WTAP), a regulatory protein of the mA methyltransferase complex, has been found to play a role in regulating various physiological and pathological processes. However, the in vivo role of WTAP in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unknown. In this study, we have elucidated the crucial role of WTAP in HCC progression and shown that hepatic deletion of Wtap promotes HCC pathogenesis through activation of multiple signaling pathways.

Downregulation of hepatic METTL3 contributes to APAP-induced liver injury in mice.

Background & Aims: Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is a major cause of acute liver failure in the Western world, but its molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) is a core N6-methyl-adenosine (m6A) RNA methyltransferase that has been shown to regulate many physiological and pathological processes. This study aimed to investigate the role of METTL3 in APAP-induced liver injury in mice.

Effect of hyperbaric oxygen on post-stroke depression.

Background: In patients with post-stroke depression (PSD) in diabetes, the situation may be more complex, requiring simultaneous treatment of blood glucose, depressive symptoms, and neurological dysfunction. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy can improve tissue oxygen content and improve the situation of ischemia and hypoxia, thus playing a role in protecting brain cells and restoring the function of brain cells. However, there are few studies on HBO therapy for patients with PSD.

Hematopoietic Stem Cell: Regulation and Nutritional Intervention.

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are crucial for the life maintenance of bio-organisms. However, the mechanism of HSC regulation is intricate. Studies have shown that there are various factors, either intrinsically or extrinsically, that shape the profile of HSCs.

Randomized controlled trial of ultra-protective vs. protective ventilation strategy in veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients with refractory cardiogenic shock: a study protocol for the ultra-ECMO trial.

Background: A protective or ultra-protective tidal volume strategy is widely applied to patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The use of very low tidal volume has the potential to further redece ventilation-induced lung injury (VILI) comparde with a "normal" lung protective management. Plus, cardiogenic pulmonary edema (CPE) caused by hydrostatic mechanisms in patients with cardiogenic shock has similar respiratory mechanics to those found in patients with ARDS.

The Health and Economic Impact of Expanding Home Blood Pressure Monitoring.

Introduction: Home blood pressure monitoring is more convenient and effective than clinic-based monitoring in diagnosing and managing hypertension. Despite its effectiveness, there is limited evidence of the economic impact of home blood pressure monitoring. This study aims to fill this research gap by assessing the health and economic impact of adopting home blood pressure monitoring among adults with hypertension in the U.

The effects of strEngth aNd BaLance exercise on Executive function in people living with Dementia (ENABLED): Study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial.

Background: Exercise may improve executive function among people living with all-cause dementia (PWD), but more evidence is needed. The aim of this pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) is to examine whether exercise plus usual care improves the primary outcome of executive function, and secondary physiological (inflammation, metabolic aging, epigenetics) and behavioral (cognition, psychological health, physical function, and falls) outcomes compared to usual care alone among PWD.

Methods And Study Design: The strEngth aNd BaLance exercise on Executive function in people living with Dementia (ENABLED) protocol is a pilot parallel, 6-month assessor-blinded RCT (1:1) in residential care facilities, including n = 21 receiving exercise plus usual care and n = 21 usual care alone [NCT05488951].