Predicting the risk of pulmonary embolism in patients with tuberculosis using machine learning algorithms.

Background: This study aimed to develop predictive models with robust generalization capabilities for assessing the risk of pulmonary embolism in patients with tuberculosis using machine learning algorithms.

Methods: Data were collected from two centers and categorized into development and validation cohorts. Using the development cohort, candidate variables were selected via the Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) method.

Disability status investigation and risk prediction model for middle-aged and older adults in Anhui Province: A derivation and validation study.

This study investigated the disability status of middle-aged and older adults in Anhui Province, China, with a primary focus on physical disability, and constructed a nomogram to predict disability risk. Data was collected through a province-wide questionnaire survey conducted in 16 cities and counties from January to December 2021, involving 3386 participants aged 60 years and above. The abilities of daily living (ADL) scale assessed participants' comprehensive ability.

Establishment of a predictive model of CT value in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of pulmonary cryptococcosis.

Objective: To investigate the application value of computed tomography (CT) value (HU) in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of pulmonary cryptococcosis (PC) and to construct a prediction model.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 73 patients who presented with nodular/mass-type occupations on lung CT and confirmed by histopathology in our hospital from January 2019 to May 2022 were divided into PC group (23 patients) and non-PC group (50 patients) according to the pathological findings, and the CT values of each patient's lung lesions were measured. The differences in age, gender, symptoms, lesion involvement in one/both lungs, lung lobe distribution, number of lesions, maximum lesion diameter (cm), lesion margin condition, and CT value results were compared between the two groups.

Clinical, Laboratory, and Imaging Characteristics of Tropheryma Whipplei Detection in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Using Next-Generation Sequencing: A Case-Control Study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of (TW) infection in the population and to investigate the clinical symptoms, as well as the laboratory and imaging characteristics of patients testing positive for TW using next-generation sequencing (NGS).

Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on 1346 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples collected between January 2021 and September 2023. The case group comprised patients with TW detected using NGS while the control group included 65 randomly chosen Gram-positive bacterial infection patients without TW.

Clinicopathological and molecular characterization of resected lung adenocarcinoma: Correlations with histopathological grading systems in Chinese patients.

Purpose: Driver mutations inform lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) targeted therapy. Association of histopathological attributes and molecular profiles facilitates clinically viable testing platforms. We assessed correlations between LUAD clinicopathological features, mutational landscapes, and two grading systems among Chinese cases.

Structure, spectral properties and antioxidant activity of melanoidins extracted from high temperature sterilized lotus rhizome juice.

Melanoidins are complex macromolecular compounds closely associated with the browning phenomenon in high-temperature sterilized lotus rhizome juice (HTSL). This study aimed to preliminarily investigate the structural properties of melanoidins extracted from HTSL. Results showed that the average molecular weight of HTSL melanoidins ranged from 1.

Predictive nomogram for bone metastases in lung cancer based on monocyte infiltration.

The presence of bone metastases (BM) in patients with lung cancer is indicative of a worse prognosis. The present study aims to investigate the risk factors associated with BM in patients with lung cancer. Patients with lung cancer admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University between June 2019 and September 2021 were enrolled in this study.

Clinical Pathological Characteristics and Prognosis of Multigene Co-Mutations in Elderly Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis.

Background: With the development and wide application of next-generation sequencing (NGS), multiple-gene mutations related to lung cancer are detected using this technology. Notably, even multigene concomitant mutations (co-mutations), which occur at a relatively low incidence, can be detected more effectively using NGS. It is well-known that the percentages of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the elderly lung cancer population are also gradually increasing, while its prognosis is hard and the quality of long-term survival is poor.

Excellent response of lung adenocarcinoma harboring a rare SLC8A1 downstream intergenic region ALK fusion to ceritinib treatment: A case report.

Rationale: Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene fusion, an important driver gene alteration leading to the development of lung cancer, occurs in 5% of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases in China. In addition to echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4)-ALK, which is the most common type of ALK fusion, various fusion partner genes have been identified in recent years. However, ALK intergenic breakpoint fusions confound fusion detection and targeted treatment.

infection with asymptomatic diffuse pulmonary disease in an immunocompetent patient: A case report.

Background: presenting as an opportunistic pathogen mainly affects immunocompromised patients, but the disseminated form of infection is rare among immunocompetent populations. The partial radiographic characteristics of pulmonary cryptococcosis mimic lung carcinoma, leading to unnecessary open chest exploratory surgery, and the lack of a gold-standard noninvasive diagnostic increases the risk of misdiagnosis. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), a sensitive method for distinguishing malignant tumors, coupled with cryptococcal latex agglutination test showing a high positive rate may overcome these issues.

Correlation analysis between serum neuron-specific enolase and the detection of gene mutations in lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: Lung cancer is a chronic, progressive and malignant disease associated with ever-growing incidence and mortality. Targeted therapy plays an important role in the clinical treatment of lung cancer. Besides, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), an intracellular enzyme, is highly correlated with the targeted treatment outcome in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Sarcoidosis Stage II: a Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Background: Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown origin characterized by non-caseous necrotizing epithelial cell granuloma that affects the lung and lymphatic system. Sarcoidosis mainly occurs in young and middle-aged people, usually manifested as bilateral hilar lymph node enlargement, lung infiltration, and eye and skin lesions. Sarcoidosis has a high natural remission rate, but patients with progressive imaging or pulmonary function accompanied by significant clinical symptoms or extrapulmonary lesions need to be treated.

Effects of reduced platelet count on the prognosis for patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with EGFR-TKI: a retrospective study.

Background: Progressive lung cancer is associated with abnormal coagulation. Platelets play a vital part in evading immune surveillance and angiogenesis in the case of tumor metastasis. The study aimed to analyze the predictive and prognostic effects of platelet count on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs).

Durable Complete Response to Alectinib in a Lung Adenocarcinoma Patient With Brain Metastases and Low-Abundance Variant in Liquid Biopsy: A Case Report.

fusions are targetable oncogenic drivers in a subset of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients that can benefit from selected ALK inhibitors. Precise detection of fusions may yield critical information for selection of appropriate therapy and hence improve patient survival. Analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in liquid biopsies using next generation sequencing (NGS) prior to or during treatment hold great promise for disease monitoring and treatment guidance of various cancers including NSCLC.

[The value of improved Mallampati grading combined with NoSAS in OSA screening].

To evaluate the value of improved Mallampati grading combined with NoSAS questionnaire in screening for obstructive sleep apnea （OSA）. A total of 344 patients admitted to our hospital for sleep disorders were studied. All patients were measured for their height, weight, neck circumference and other parameters.

Cryptococcal pneumonia in a human immunodeficiency virus-negative patient: A case report.

Background: Cases of cryptococcal pneumonia are frequently observed in patients with various innate or acquired immunodeficiencies, including organ transplant patients, cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome, or patients on dialysis. Fluconazole is most often used to treat this condition when it is detected.

Case Summary: In the present report, we describe the case of a 42-year-old human immunodeficiency virus-negative man with normal immune function who had cryptococcal pneumonia that was diagnosed after undergoing computed tomography-guided percutaneous lung puncture.

Mitochondria-Modulating Porous Se@SiO Nanoparticles Provide Resistance to Oxidative Injury in Airway Epithelial Cells: Implications for Acute Lung Injury.

Background: Mitochondrial dysfunction played a vital role in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including acute lung injury (ALI). However, few strategies targeting mitochondria were developed in treating ALI. Recently, we fabricated a porous Se@SiO nanoparticles (NPs) with antioxidant properties.

TRPV1 and TRPA1 in Lung Inflammation and Airway Hyperresponsiveness Induced by Fine Particulate Matter (PM).

Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) has been associated with lung inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Transient receptor potential (TRP) vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) both may play important roles in lung inflammation and AHR. We investigated whether PM-induced lung inflammation and AHR could be prevented by blocking TRPV1 and TRPA1 channels.

Roles of TRPA1 and TRPV1 in cigarette smoke -induced airway epithelial cell injury model.

Transient receptor potential protein (TRP) ion channels TRPA1 and TRPV1 may be important in mediating airway tissue injury and inflammation. This study was designed to clarify the role of TRPA1 and TRPV1 channels in cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced damage to bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells. Alveolar epithelial (A549) cells and bronchial epithelial (Beas-2B) cells were treated with CSE in the presence and absence of a TRPA1 inhibitor (100 μM, A967079), a TRPV1 inhibitor (100 μM, AMG9810) or both.

Protective effects of VGX-1027 in PM-induced airway inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness.

Fine particulate matter (PM) can penetrate into alveolar spaces and induce airway inflammation. Recent evidence suggests that the activation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling may participate in PM-induced acute lung injury. We investigated the effect of VGX-1027, a TLR4 blocker, on PM-induced airway inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) in a murine model in vivo and on inflammatory mechanisms in vitro in human airway epithelial cells.

Specific inhibitor of Notch‑3 enhances the sensitivity of NSCLC cells to gemcitabine.

Notch‑3 is a receptor of the Notch signaling pathway and plays an important role in regulating self‑renewal, differentiation and apoptosis in cancer cells. Overexpression of Notch‑3 has been proved to be associated with resistance to gemcitabine (GEM) and poor patient prognosis for various malignant tumors. In the present study, two non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines, H1299 and A549, were induced with GEM for two months and then were treated with various concentrations of a Notch signaling blocker, N‑[N‑(3,5‑difluorophenacetyl)‑L‑alanyl]‑S‑phenylglycine t‑butyl ester (DAPT), with the goal of reducing expression of Notch intracellular domain 3 (NICD3).