Inhibition of platelet activation alleviates diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction via attenuating blood-brain barrier injury.

Cognitive dysfunction has become the second leading cause of death among the diabetic patients. In pre-diabetic stage, blood-brain barrier (BBB) injury occurs and induced the microvascular complications of diabetes, especially, diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction (DACD). Endothelial cells are the major component of BBB, on which the increased expression of CD40 could mediate BBB dysfunction in diabetics.

Three new diterpenes from the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza and their cytotoxicity.

Two undescribed oxazole-containing diterpenoids (1-2) and a new diterpenoid (3) were isolated from the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Their structures were elucidated by extensive HRESIMS and NMR spectroscopic analysis, and the absolute configurations of 1 and 3 were confirmed by comparison of the calculated and experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Compound 1 represents the first example of an abietane diterpenoid with a benzo[d]oxazole unit fused in the ring B of the abietane skeleton.

How Physical Exercise Reduces Problematic Mobile Phone Use in Adolescents: The Roles of Expression Suppression, Depression, Anxiety, and Resilience.

Background: Problematic mobile phone use has become a pressing concern among adolescents due to its widespread prevalence and associated health risks. Physical exercise has been suggested as a potential intervention, but the psychological mechanisms underlying its effects remain unclear. This study explores how physical exercise impacts problematic mobile phone use through expression suppression, emotional problems (depression and anxiety), and resilience, offering actionable insights for intervention strategies.

TMAO is involved in sleep deprivation-induced cognitive dysfunction through regulating astrocytic cholesterol metabolism via SREBP2.

Sleep deprivation (SD) contributes to cognitive impairment. Astrocytic cholesterol biosynthesis is crucial for brain cholesterol homeostasis and cognitive function. However, the underlying mechanism of astrocytic cholesterol metabolism in SD-induced cognitive impairment has not been fully explored.

Gallic acid and loganic acid attenuate amyloid-β oligomer-induced microglia damage via NF-КB signaling pathway.

Amyloid β peptide (Aβ) induces neurodegeneration in the early stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD), resulting in neuroinflammation, oxidative damage, and mitochondrial impaired function. These reactions were closely associated with the pathological changes of brain microglia. Therefore, it was crucial to investigate the precise process of neuroinflammation induced by Aβ in microglia and discover therapies to alleviate its harmful consequences.

Predicting and Accelerating Nanomaterial Synthesis Using Machine Learning Featurization.

Materials synthesis optimization is constrained by serial feedback processes that rely on manual tools and intuition across multiple siloed modes of characterization. We automate and generalize feature extraction of reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) data with machine learning to establish quantitatively predictive relationships in small sets (∼10) of expert-labeled data, saving significant time on subsequently grown samples. These predictive relationships are evaluated in a representative material system (WVSe on c-plane sapphire (0001)) with two aims: 1) predicting grain alignment of the deposited film using pregrowth substrate data and 2) estimating vanadium dopant concentration using in situ RHEED as a proxy for ex situ methods (e.

Mechanisms of the NAD salvage pathway in enhancing skeletal muscle function.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is crucial for cellular energy production, serving as a coenzyme in oxidation-reduction reactions. It also supports enzymes involved in processes such as DNA repair, aging, and immune responses. Lower NAD levels have been associated with various diseases, highlighting the importance of replenishing NAD+.

Preliminary Study of the Characterization of the Viable but Noncultivable State of Induced by Chloride and UV Irradiation.

The viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state is a survival strategy for many foodborne pathogens under adverse conditions. () as a kind of primary foodborne pathogen, and it is crucial to investigate its survival strategies and potential risks in the food chain. In this study, the effectiveness of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and chlorine treatment in disinfecting the foodborne pathogen was investigated.

Visual fluorescence detection of Listeria monocytogenes with CRISPR-Cas12a aptasensor.

Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) is a prevalent food-borne pathogen that can cause listeriosis, which manifests as meningitis and other symptoms, potentially leading to fatal outcomes in severe cases. In this study, we developed an aptasensor utilizing carboxylated magnetic beads and Cas12a to detect L.

Vitexin promotes the anti-senescence effect via inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 in D-Galactose-induced progeria mice and stress-induced premature senescence.

Vitexin is a natural flavonoid glycoside compound extracted from the leaves and seeds of Vitex negundo. It is widely distributed in the leaves and stems of numerous plants and exhibites remarkable anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-hypertensive properties. However, whether vitexin presents the anti-aging and senescence prevention effect has not been fully elucidated.

[Glucose transporters in lymphocytes: expression and effects on lymphocyte functions].

Glucose uptake by lymphocytes is dependent on the facilitative glucose transporters (GLUT1, GLUT3, GLUT4, and GLUT6) of the GLUT family and the Na-coupled glucose transporter SGLT1. GLUTs and SGLTs are widely expressed in mammals, and their expression and functions may affect cell development, homeostasis, activation, and differentiation. This article details the important functions of several GLUTs and SGLTs in lymphocytes and points out that glucose transporters play a key role in supplying energy for lymphocytes, maintaining intracellular glucose homeostasis, and improving the efficiency of immune responses, which reflect their key roles in signal transduction.

Dual-Mode Fluorescent/Intelligent Lateral Flow Immunoassay Based on Machine Learning Algorithm for Ultrasensitive Analysis of Chloroacetamide Herbicides.

Given the harmful effect of pesticide residues, it is essential to develop portable and accurate biosensors for the analysis of pesticides in agricultural products. In this paper, we demonstrated a dual-mode fluorescent/intelligent (DM-f/DM-i) lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) for chloroacetamide herbicides, which utilized horseradish peroxidase-IgG conjugated time-resolved fluorescent nanoparticle probes as both a signal label and amplification tool. With the newly developed LFIA in the DM-f mode, the limits of detection (LODs) were 0.

Comparative genomics analysis to explore the biodiversity and mining novel target genes of strains from different regions.

As a common foodborne pathogen, infection with poses a significant threat to human life and health. The objective of this study was to employ comparative genomics to unveil the biodiversity and evolutionary characteristics of strains from different regions, screening for potential target genes and mining novel target genes, thus providing significant reference value for the specific molecular detection and therapeutic targets of strains. Pan-genomic analysis revealed that from different regions have open genomes, providing a solid genetic basis for adaptation to different environments.

The link between social comparison orientation and domain-specific risk-taking: exploring the mediating role of two dimensions of trait competitiveness.

Introduction: Our recent research has demonstrated that social comparison orientation of ability (SCO-ability) is an antecedent of trait competitiveness (TC), and TC mediates the relation between SCO-ability and domain-specific risk-taking. TC is a multi-dimensional trait, therefore we sought to expand on prior research by examining whether SCO-ability predicted two distinct dimensions of TC: hypercompetitive orientation (HCO) and self-development competitive orientation (SDCO).

Methods: We investigated how these different dimensions of TC mediated the relation between SCO-ability and both overall and domain-specific risk-taking in two correlational studies of 622 college students (313 males, mean age = 22.

The trial-by-trial fluctuations in primary motor cortex excitability during attentional bias among smokers: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study.

Background: A relatively new computational approach called trial-level bias score (TL-BS) has shown that attentional bias to smoking-related stimuli in smokers fluctuates temporally, trial by trial, during attention tasks. Here, we investigated the reliability of using TL-BS values to assess attentional bias and the electrophysiology mechanisms undergirding fluctuations in attentional bias among smokers.

Method: In total, 26 male smokers and 26 male non-smokers performed a dot-probe task in Experiment 1.

Lactobacillus paracasei Jlus66 relieves DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in a murine model by maintaining intestinal barrier integrity, inhibiting inflammation, and improving intestinal microbiota structure.

Purpose: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a serious health problem with increasing morbidity and prevalence worldwide. The pathogenesis of UC is complex, currently believed to be influenced by genetic factors, dysregulation of the host immune system, imbalance in the intestinal microbiota, and environmental factors. Currently, UC is typically managed using aminosalicylates, immunosuppressants, and biologics as adjunctive therapies, with the risk of relapse and development of drug resistance upon discontinuation.

Relationship between serum uric acid and sarcopenia in geriatric heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction.

Background: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) presents a serious risk to human health. The increased prevalence of sarcopenia in the HFpEF population has a negative impact on patient prognosis. Uric acid (UA) is the byproduct of purine metabolism and is harmful to the cardiovascular system.