Cellular Senescence-Related Long Non-coding RNA Signatures Predict Prognosis in Juvenile Osteosarcoma.

Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor and is frequently diagnosed in juvenile. Cellular senescence is a fundamental hallmark of osteosarcoma and plays a vital role in the initiation and progression of aging and tumorigenesis. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are implicated in tumorigenesis.

Exacerbation of pulmonary fibrosis following acute lung injury via activin-A production by recruited alveolar macrophages.

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a complicated pathological cascade process of excessive pulmonary inflammation and alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis that results in respiratory dysfunction and failure. Some cases of ARDS can result in a more severe state of pulmonary fibrosis, referred to as postinjury lung fibrosis. The mortality and incidence rate of ARDS are high, particularly when it leads to continuing alveolar and interstitial fibrosis, which requires urgent treatment and appropriate management.

Ferroptosis exacerbates the clonal deletion of virus-specific exhausted CD8 T cells.

During chronic infection or tumorigenesis, persistent antigen stimulation contributes to the exhaustion of CD8 T cells. Nevertheless, exhausted CD8 T (T) cells still preserve certain effector function, and maintaining a reservoir of exhausted cells is of vital importance for virus elimination and tumor eradiation. Despite considerable work interrogating the rejuvenation of T cells, mechanisms underpinning the clonal deletion of T cells remain largely unexplored over the past decade.

Transcriptomic analysis of codon usage patterns and gene expression characteristics in leafy spurge.

Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) is an important herb and potential energy source with medicinal value. Codon usage bias (CUB) is a static feature of genes and genomes that results from adaptation and selection during long-term evolution and facilitates molecular breeding in transgenic plants. Here, we used TransDecoder to identify candidate coding regions from the downloaded leafy spurge transcriptome and generate coding region annotation files based on reference genomes.

Affinity-tuned mesothelin CAR T cells demonstrate enhanced targeting specificity and reduced off-tumor toxicity.

The application of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy in solid tumors is hindered by life-threatening toxicities resulting from on-target, off-tumor killing of nonmalignant cells that express low levels of the target antigen. Mesothelin (MSLN) has been identified as a target antigen for CAR T cell treatment of mesothelioma, lung, ovarian, and other cancers because of its high expression on tumor cells and limited expression on mesothelial cells. However, fatal off-tumor toxicity of high-affinity MSLN-targeting CAR T cells has been reported in multiple clinical trials.

Radiofrequency Ablation Therapy versus Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Naive Hepatocellular Carcinoma (≤5cm): A Retrospective Multi-Center Study.

Purpose: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a micro-invasive treatment for early-stage HCC patients. Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has also been proven an effective and safe treatment for HCC patients. This multi-center study is to compare the efficacy of computed tomography (CT)-guided RFA and CT-based SBRT in naïve HCC patients with tumor diameters ≤5 cm.

Naringenin Protected Against Blood Brain Barrier Breakdown after Ischemic Stroke through GSK-3β/ β-Catenin Pathway.

Protection against blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction is key to reduce the cerebral ischemia injury as its breakdown causes edema formation and extravasation of blood components and immune cells. The maintenance of BBB integrity requires the GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway activity. Naringenin (NAR), an effective monomer from Chinese herbal medicine, had potent protective effect on brain inflammatory and oxidative injury.

Anticoagulant therapy in adult with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trial.

Background: Blood coagulation dysfunction is a risk factor for adverse outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), especially in severe cases. The evidence for the effects of anticoagulation therapy on prognosis of COVID-19 patients and its risk of causing bleeding events is accumulating. Here we conducted a meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of anticoagulants in COVID-19 patients of different severity.

Identification of a lactylation-related gene signature as the novel biomarkers for early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction.

Cardiovascular disease, particularly acute myocardial infarction (AMI), is a major global health concern. Current diagnostic methods for AMI lack sensitivity and specificity, necessitating novel biomarkers for early detection. In this study, we analyzed AMI gene expression datasets from the GEO database, employing Differential Gene Expression Analysis and WGCNA to identify key genes and co-expression modules.

Characteristics of volatile organic compounds under different operating conditions in a petrochemical industrial zone and their effects on ozone formation.

The petrochemical industry is one of the major sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions. Current research on VOC pollution characteristics in petrochemical industrial areas predominantly focuses on normal operating conditions, overlooking VOC pollution during overhaul. This study comparatively analyzes the pollution characteristics of VOCs, the potential sensitivity of O formation, and the pollution sources during normal production (PI), partial instrument overhaul (PII), and large-scale instrument overhaul (PIII) at a typical petrochemical industrial enterprise A (PEA) in Northwest China.

Effects of valley topography on ozone pollution in the Lanzhou valley: A numerical case study.

Valley topography is recognized for its role in constraining pollutant dispersion, which frequently results in elevated pollutant concentrations within valley regions. However, the specific mechanisms by which valley topography influences daytime ozone (O) production, nighttime O depletion, and diurnal variations in O concentrations remain inadequately understood. This study employs the online WRF-Chem air quality model to conduct sensitivity analyses, examining the effects of valley topography on summer O concentrations in Lanzhou, a valley city in western China.

Multi-omics Graph Knowledge Representation for Pneumonia Prognostic Prediction.

Early prognostic prediction is crucial for determining appropriate clinical interventions. Previous single-omics models had limitations, such as high contingency and overlooking complex physical conditions. In this paper, we introduced multi-omics graph knowledge representation to predict in-hospital outcomes for pneumonia patients.

Gender differences in postoperative pain, sleep quality, and recovery outcomes in patients undergoing visual thoracoscopic surgery.

Objective: The purpose of our study was to investigate the effect of gender on postoperative pain, sleep quality, and recovery outcomes in patients undergoing VATS surgery under general anesthesia.

Method: Perioperative peripheral blood inflammatory markers system inflammation Index (SII) was recorded for perioperative inflammatory response. The visual analog scale (VAS) was used to evaluate pain level.

Computer-aided diagnosis of cystic lung diseases using CT scans and deep learning.

Background: Auxiliary diagnosis of different types of cystic lung diseases (CLDs) is important in the clinic and is instrumental in facilitating early and specific treatments. Current clinical methods heavily depend on accumulated experience, restricting their applicability in regions with less developed medical resources. Thus, how to realize the computer-aided diagnosis of CLDs is of great clinical value.

Surgical removal of tonsils and risk of COVID-19: a nested case-control study using data from UK Biobank and AMORIS Cohort.

Background: To investigate the association between surgical removal of tonsils and risk of COVID-19 with different severity.

Methods: Through a nested case-control study during January 31st to December 31st 2020, including 58,888 participants of the UK Biobank, we investigated the association of tonsillectomy with the future risk of mild and severe COVID-19, using binomial logistic regression. We further examined the associations of such surgery with blood inflammatory, lipid and metabolic biomarkers to understand potential mechanisms.

Using widely targeted metabolomics profiling to explore differences in constituents of three Bletilla species.

Bletilla striata has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years to treat a variety of health diseases. Currently, metabolic causes of differences in medicinal values are unknown, due to the lack of a large-scale and comprehensive investigation of metabolites in Bletilla species. In order to gain a better understanding of the major chemical constituents responsible for the medicinal value, this study aimed to explore the metabolomic differences among three Bletilla species (Bletilla striata: Bs, Bletilla ochracea: Bo and Bletilla formosana: Bf).

Fast and accurate extraction of ultrahigh quality factors from cavity ringdown measurement.

Cavity ringdown spectroscopy is an essential test to measure ultrahigh quality factor (UHQ) optical cavities, which is, however, frequently misinterpreted due to lack of a specified analysis guideline. Here we clarify the basic property of cavity ringdown and present a step-by-step method that enables extraction of the overall quality factor, as well as the intrinsic loss and coupling state of UHQ cavities with better fidelity and simplicity than prior schemes. Our work can facilitate an accurate design and characterization of UHQ cavities for ultra-low noise lasers, high finesse reference cavities, and ultra-narrow optical filters.

The impact of a lung-protective ventilation mode using transpulmonary driving pressure titrated positive end-expiratory pressure on the prognosis of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the impact of a lung-protective ventilation strategy utilizing transpulmonary driving pressure titrated positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on the prognosis [mechanical ventilation duration, hospital stay, 28-day mortality rate and incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), survival outcome] of patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).

Methods: A total of 105 ARDS patients were randomly assigned to either the control group (n = 51) or the study group (n = 53). The control group received PEEP titration based on tidal volume [A tidal volume of 6 mL/kg, flow rate of 30-60 L/min, frequency of 16-20 breaths/min, constant flow rate, inspiratory-to-expiratory ratio of 1:1 to 1:1.

Lightweight single-phase Al-based complex concentrated alloy with high specific strength.

Developing light yet strong aluminum (Al)-based alloys has been attracting unremitting efforts due to the soaring demand for energy-efficient structural materials. However, this endeavor is impeded by the limited solubility of other lighter components in Al. Here, we propose to surmount this challenge by converting multiple brittle phases into a ductile solid solution in Al-based complex concentrated alloys (CCA) by applying high pressure and temperature.

Association of immune deficiency with prognosis and corticosteroid treatment benefits among patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Background: The role of corticosteroids in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains contentious. This study aims to investigate the prognostic significance of immune deficiency in patients with ARDS and its response to varying doses of corticosteroids.

Methods: This single-center, retrospective cohort study enrolled 657 ARDS patients from January 24, 2008, to September 12, 2022, at Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles mitigate neuronal damage from intracerebral hemorrhage by modulating ferroptosis.

Background: Hemorrhagic stroke is a devastating cerebrovascular event with a high rate of early mortality and long-term disability. The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) for neurological conditions, such as intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), has garnered considerable interest, has garnered considerable interest, though their mechanisms of action remain poorly understood.

Methods: EVs were isolated from human umbilical cord MSCs, and SPECT/CT was used to track the Tc-labeled EVs in a mouse model of ICH.

Olverembatinib combined with inotuzumab ozogamicin in relapsed refractory Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A case report.

Rationale: Patients with relapsed and refractory Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL) with the T315I mutation are at higher risk of relapse and have shorter overall survival.

Patient Concerns: A 31-year-old man presented to the hematology department with intermittent fever and pancytopenia. He was diagnosed with Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia and experienced 2 relapses during treatment.

Insights into the Acidic Site in Manganese Oxide in Terms of the Sulfur and Water Tolerance of Low-Temperature NH Selective Catalytic Reduction.

A critical constraint impeding the utilization of Mn-based oxide catalysts in NH selective catalytic reduction (NH-SCR) is their inadequate resistance to water and sulfur. This vulnerability primarily arises from the propensity of SO to bind to the acidic site in manganese oxide, resulting in the formation of metal sulfate and leading to the irreversible deactivation of the catalyst. Therefore, gaining a comprehensive understanding of the detrimental impact of SO on the acidic sites and elucidating the underlying mechanism of this toxicity are of paramount importance for the effective application of Mn-based catalysts in NH-SCR.