Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives as potent GSK-3β inhibitors for treating Alzheimer's disease.

The development of potent glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) inhibitor has been increasingly recognized as the candidate treatment against the multifactorial pathogenic mechanism of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study prepared various new pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives, evaluated the anti-AD activities and detected the security based on the structure-guided rational design. Our results indicated that many pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives had strong GSK-3β inhibitory activities, particularly compounds 41, 46 and 54, with the half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC) of 0.

Aspirin-based PROTACs as COX-2 degraders for anti-inflammation.

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and plays a special role in the process of inflammatory response. COX-2 is a target of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which can effectively relieve inflammation, pain and fever responses by inhibiting COX-2. Despite the significant study progress of inhibitors targeting COX-2, the development of COX-2 degraders remains insufficient.

Multimodal separation and cross fusion network based on Raman spectroscopy and FTIR spectroscopy for diagnosis of thyroid malignant tumor metastasis.

The diagnosis of cervical lymph node metastasis from thyroid cancer is an essential stage in the progression of thyroid cancer. The metastasis of cervical lymph nodes directly affects the prognosis and survival rate of patients. Therefore, timely and early diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment and can significantly improve patients' survival rate and quality of life.

Self-healing cellulose-based hydrogels: From molecular design to multifarious applications.

Self-healing cellulose-based hydrogels (SHCHs) exhibit wide-ranging potential applications in the fields of biomedicine, environmental management, energy storage, and smart materials due to their unique physicochemical properties and biocompatibility. This review delves into the molecular design principles, performance characteristics, and diverse applications of SHCHs. Firstly, the molecular structure and physicochemical properties of cellulose are analyzed, along with strategies for achieving self-healing properties through molecular design, with particular emphasis on the importance of self-healing mechanisms.

Flexural behavior of over-reinforced beam with ECC layer: Experimental and numerical simulation study.

To optimize the brittle failure of reinforced conerete (RC) over-reinforeed beams and enhance their flexural performance, a novel structural form is proposed. To be specific, the Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC) layer is installed on top of the RC over-reinforced beam (ERCOB). A total of six test beams are prepared, comprising one unreinforced beam and five reinforced beams.

Large expansion of plasma commensal viruses is associated with SIV pathogenesis in .

Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection disrupts the homeostatic equilibrium between the host and commensal microbes. However, the dynamic changes of plasma commensal viruses and their role in HIV/simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) pathogenesis are rarely reported. Here, we investigated the longitudinal changes of plasma virome, inflammation levels, and disease markers using an SIV-infected model.

Discovery of metabolite from the insect-derived endophytic Penicillium chrysogenum and their COX-2 inhibitory activity.

Three new N-alkylated amino acid derivatives, penichrysoamides A-C (1-3), along with a new citric acid derivative, penichrysoacid A (4), a new chromanone lactone penichrysoacid B (5), and a new amide derivative, penichrysoamide D (6), as well as seven known benzamide derivatives (7-13), were isolated from the endophytic fungus Penicillium chrysogenum derived from the insect Periplaneta americana. The structures of these compounds, including their absolute configurations, were elucidated using spectroscopic and computational techniques. Biological evaluation revealed that compounds 8-13 exhibited significant COX-2 inhibitory activity, with IC values ranging from 275 nM to 1350 nM.

Metal-organic framework modified open-cavity optical fiber Fabry-Pérot interferometer for volatile organic compound detection.

Detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is crucial in industrial production, environmental monitoring, and public safety. VOCs sensors need to be intrinsically safe, given the flammability and toxicity of common VOCs. Fiber optic sensors offer a passive and flexible solution for VOCs detection, attracting significant attention from researchers.

Topography and life stage regulate species aboveground biomass distribution in combination in a tropical montane rainforest.

Understanding the correlation between topography, species biomass and species life stage would allow forest managers to better foster carbon storage in forests. Using census data from a 60-ha plot in south China, we first quantified aboveground biomass (AGB) and how much it varied among different topographies. Next, the specific contribution of 42 dominant species to total aboveground biomass was analyzed for each of the different topographies.

Jinhong decoction ameliorates injury in septic mice without disrupting the equilibrium of gut microbiota.

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition and usually be treated with antibiotics, which however often has severe side effects. This work proposed a novel Chinese traditional medicine JINHONG (JH) decoction for therapy of sepsis. We first identified the chemical constituents of JH decoction by using high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS).

Lightweight cattle pose estimation with fusion of reparameterization and an attention mechanism.

Heatmap-based cattle pose estimation methods suffer from high network complexity and low detection speed. Addressing the issue of cattle pose estimation for complex scenarios without heatmaps, an end-to-end, lightweight cattle pose estimation network utilizing a reparameterized network and an attention mechanism is proposed to improve the overall network performance. The EfficientRepBiPAN (Efficient Representation Bi-Directional Progressive Attention Network) module, incorporated into the neck network, adeptly captures target features across various scales while also mitigating model redundancy.

Discovery of a Hybrid Molecule with Phytotoxic Activity by Genome Mining, Heterologous Expression, and OSMAC Strategy.

Genome mining in association with the OSMAC (one strain, many compounds) approach provides a feasible strategy to extend the chemical diversity and novelty of natural products. In this study, we identified the biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) of restricticin, a promising antifungal agent featuring a reactive primary amine, from the fungus LZDX-33-4 by genome mining. Combining heterologous expression and the OSMAC strategy resulted in the production of a new hybrid product (), along with -acetyl-restricticin () and restricticinol ().

Rheumatoid arthritis patients harbour aberrant enteric bacteriophages with autoimmunity-provoking potential: a paired sibling study.

Objectives: Viruses have been considered as important participants in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the profile of enteric virome and its role in RA remains elusive. This study aimed to investigate the atlas and involvement of virome in RA pathogenesis.

Enhancing immobilized Chlorella vulgaris growth with novel buoyant barium alginate bubble beads.

Microalgae immobilization in alginate beads shows promise for biomass production and water pollution control. However, carrier instability and mass transfer limitations are challenges. This study introduces buoyant barium alginate bubble beads (BABB), which offer exceptional stability and enhance Chlorella vulgaris growth.

Host specificity of plant-associated bacteria is negatively associated with genome size and host abundance along a latitudinal gradient.

Host specialization plays a critical role in the ecology and evolution of plant-microbe symbiosis. Theory predicts that host specialization is associated with microbial genome streamlining and is influenced by the abundance of host species, both of which can vary across latitudes, leading to a latitudinal gradient in host specificity. Here, we quantified the host specificity and composition of plant-bacteria symbioses on leaves across 329 tree species spanning a latitudinal gradient.

Exosomes from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate intervertebral disc degeneration via repairing mitochondrial dysfunction.

Background: Reactive oxygen species (ROS), predominantly generated by mitochondria, play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). Reduction of ROS levels may be an effective strategy to delay IVDD. In this study, we assessed whether umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-exosomes (UCMSC-exos) can be used to treat IVDD by suppressing ROS production caused by mitochondrial dysfunction.

Surviving at the highest and coldest: Nutritional and chemical components of fallback foods for Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys.

Fallback foods (FBF), categorized into staple and filler types, are suboptimal food sources chosen by animals in response to a scarcity of preferred food items during specific periods. Using lichens as FBF by Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys () represents a distinctive ecological adaptation and evolutionary development within nonhuman primates. This study delves into the annual dietary choices of the species to address issues, elucidate the nutritional value, and understand the ecological significance of lichens for this primate species, which resides at the highest altitudes and experiences the coldest weather among global primates.

Immobilized microalgae: principles, processes and its applications in wastewater treatment.

Microalgae have emerged as potential candidates for biomass production and pollutant removal. However, expensive biomass harvesting, insufficient biomass productivity, and low energy intensity limit the large-scale production of microalgae. To break through these bottlenecks, a novel technology of immobilized microalgae culture coupled with wastewater treatment has received increasing attention in recent years.

Characteristics of second-hand exposure to aerosols from e-cigarettes: A literature review since 2010.

In recent years, the use of electronic vaping products (also named e-cigarettes) has increased due to their appealing flavors and nicotine delivery without the combustion of tobacco. Although the hazardous substances emitted by e-cigarettes are largely found to be much lower than combustible cigarettes, second-hand exposure to e-cigarette aerosols is not completely benign for bystanders. This work reviewed and synthesized findings on the second-hand exposure of aerosols from e-cigarettes and compared the results with those of the combustible cigarettes.

Preparation and performance evaluation of a novel temperature-resistant anionic/nonionic surfactant.

Aiming at oil extraction from a tight reservoir, the Jilin oil field was selected as the research object of this study. Based on the molecular structures of conventional long-chain alkyl anionic surfactants, a new temperature-resistant anionic/nonionic surfactant (CPEC) was prepared by introducing polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene units into double-chain alcohols. The resulting structures were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-NMR), and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS).

Spatial variation and controls of soil microbial necromass carbon in a tropical montane rainforest.

Soil microbial necromass carbon is an important component of the soil organic carbon (SOC) pool which helps to improve soil fertility and texture. However, the spatial pattern and variation mechanisms of fungal- and bacterial-derived necromass carbon at local scales in tropical rainforests are uncertain. This study showed that microbial necromass carbon and its proportion in SOC in tropical montane rainforest exhibited large spatial variation and significant autocorrelation, with significant high-high and low-low clustering patterns.

In Operando Monitoring the Stress Evolution of Silicon Anode Electrodes during Battery Operation via Optical Fiber Sensors.

Silicon (Si) anode has attracted broad attention because of its high theoretical specific capacity and low working potential. However, the severe volumetric changes of Si particles during the lithiation process cause expansion and contraction of the electrodes, which induces a repeatedly repair of solid electrolyte interphase, resulting in an excessive consuming of electrolyte and rapid capacity decay. Clearly known the deformation and stress changing at µε resolution in the Si-based electrode during battery operation provides invaluable information for the battery research and development.

Cross-scale spatial variability and associations of carbon pools provide insight into regulating carbon sequestration in tropical montane rainforests.

The spatial distribution of plant, soil, and microbial carbon pools, along with their intricate interactions, presents a great challenge for the current carbon cycle research. However, it is not clear what are the characteristics of the spatial variability of these carbon pools, particularly their cross-scale relationships. We investigated the cross-scale spatial variability of microbial necromass carbon (MNC), soil organic carbon (SOC) and plant biomass (PB), as well as their correlation in a tropical montane rainforest using multifractal analysis.

Cultivation and morphology of jujube (Ziziphus Jujuba Mill.) in the Qi River Basin of Northern China during the Neolithic Period.

This transition from gathering to cultivation is a significant aspect of studying early agricultural practices. Fruit trees are an essential component of food resources and have played a vital role in both ancient and modern agricultural production systems. The jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.