Organ-on-a-chip: future of female reproductive pathophysiological models.

The female reproductive system comprises the internal and external genitalia, which communicate through intricate endocrine pathways. Besides secreting hormones that maintain the female secondary sexual characteristics, it also produces follicles and offspring. However, the in vitro systems have been very limited in recapitulating the specific anatomy and pathophysiology of women.

Tumor immunity: A brief overview of tumor‑infiltrating immune cells and research advances into tumor‑infiltrating lymphocytes in gynecological malignancies (Review).

Tumor immunity is a promising topic in the area of cancer therapy. The 'soil' function of the tumor microenvironment (TME) for tumor growth has attracted wide attention from scientists. Tumor-infiltrating immune cells in the TME, especially the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), serve a key role in cancer.

Primary acinic cell carcinoma of the breast: A case report and literature review.

Acinic cell carcinoma (ACCA), a type of malignant epithelial neoplasm, tends to occur in the parotid gland, and is occasionally found within the breast. Published literature regarding primary ACCA of the breast is scarce, and the number of reports may be fewer than 100. At present, full clinical details have not been published.

The impact of early pregnancy metabolic disorders on pregnancy outcome and the specific mechanism.

Miscarriage is the most common complication of pregnancy. The most common causes of early miscarriage are chromosomal abnormalities of the embryo, maternal endocrine abnormalities, organ malformations, and abnormal immune factors. Late miscarriages are mostly caused by factors such as cervical insufficiency.

Insights on the NF-κB system in polycystic ovary syndrome, attractive therapeutic targets.

The nuclear factor κappa B (NF-κB) signaling plays a well-known function in inflammation and regulates a wide variety of biological processes. Low-grade chronic inflammation is gradually considered to be closely related to the pathogenesis of Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In this review, we provide an overview on the involvement of NF-κB in the progression of PCOS particularly, such as hyperandrogenemia, insulin resistance, cardiovascular diseases, and endometrial dysfunction.

The clinical value of miRNA-21 in cervical cancer: A comprehensive investigation based on microarray datasets.

Previous work has demonstrated that the expression of microRNA-21 (miR-21) is implicated in cervical cancer (CC). However, little is known regarding its associations with clinical parameters. We first conducted a meta-analysis using data from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) microarrays and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).

The Mechanism of Insulin-Like Growth Factor II mRNA-Binging Protein 3 Induce Decidualization and Maternal-Fetal Interface Cross Talk by TGF-β1 in Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion.

Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is defined as the loss of two or more consecutive intrauterine pregnancies that are clinically established early in pregnancy. To date, the etiology and underlying mechanisms of RSA remain unclear. It is widely thought that the impairment of decidualization is inclined to induce subsequent pregnancy failure and leads to the dysregulation of extra-villous trophoblast invasion and proliferation through maternal-fetal cross talk.

Immune-Related Genes to Construct a Novel Prognostic Model of Breast Cancer: A Chemosensitivity-Based Study.

Chemotherapy combined with surgery is effective for patients with breast cancer (BC). However, chemoresistance restricts the effectiveness of BC treatment. Immune microenvironmental changes are of pivotal importance for chemotherapy responses.

Landscape of Immune Microenvironment in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer and Establishing Risk Model by Machine Learning.

Background: Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is an extremely lethal gynecological malignancy and has the potential to benefit from the immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy, whose efficacy highly depends on the complex tumor microenvironment (TME).

Method And Result: We comprehensively analyze the landscape of TME and its prognostic value through immune infiltration analysis, somatic mutation analysis, and survival analysis. The results showed that high infiltration of immune cells predicts favorable clinical outcomes in EOC.

On-chip rapid drug screening of leukemia cells by acoustic streaming.

Rapid and personalized single-cell drug screening testing plays an essential role in acute myeloid leukemia drug combination chemotherapy. Conventional chemotherapeutic drug screening is a time-consuming process because of the natural resistance of cell membranes to drugs, and there are still great challenges related to using technologies that change membrane permeability such as sonoporation in high-throughput and precise single-cell drug screening with minimal damage. In this study, we proposed an acoustic streaming-based non-invasive single-cell drug screening acceleration method, using high-frequency acoustic waves (>10 MHz) in a concentration gradient microfluidic device.

Clinical features of COVID-19 in cancer patients within Wuhan, China.

Background: There have been few reports on cancer patients with COVID-19 since its outbreak. Our study aimed to understand the clinical features of cancer patients with COVID-19 and determine the impact of surgery and chemotherapy on the patients' conditions.

Methods: Seventy COVID-19 patients from Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, including 18 cancer patients, were enrolled in this study.

Hsa_circ_0000301 facilitates the progression of cervical cancer by targeting miR-1228-3p/IRF4 Axis.

Background: With the broadened application of gene expression profiles analysis, the role of miRNA and circRNA are of increasing concern in recent years, especially during the pathogenesis of cancer. However, to date, the reported on this area in cervical cancer are limited.

Method: In this study, Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and differential gene expression analysis were utilized to screen out differentially expressed (DE) circular RNAs in cervical cancer, and then we predicted and screened the combined microRNAs (miRNA) and downstream mRNAs to construct circular (circ)RNA-miRNA-mRNA network.

Exosomes secreted by chemoresistant ovarian cancer cells promote angiogenesis.

Background: Ovarian cancer (OC) has the highest mortality rate in gynecologic tumors. Despite decades of continuous efforts, the survival rate of patients has not improved significantly, mostly due to drug resistance. Exosomes are hot topics in recent years.

TMEM206 is a potential prognostic marker of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Transmembrane proteins are involved in the transportation of materials into and out of cells. The transmembrane protein (TMEM) family is a collection of poorly described transmembrane proteins that serve important roles in tumor development and progression. A number of TMEM proteins have been discovered.

Chromosomal polymorphisms associated with reproductive outcomes after IVF-ET.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of the detail type of chromosomal polymorphisms (1/9/16qh, D/G group polymorphisms, and inv(9)) on the IVF-ET outcomes.

Methods: A total of 1335 infertile couples undergoing IVF/ICSI were enrolled and comprehensively analyzed the correlation between three detail types of chromosomal polymorphisms (1/9/16qh, D/G group polymorphisms, and inv(9)) and the outcome of IVF/ICSI embryo transfer. The fertilized rate, cleaved embryo rate, good-quality embryo rate, clinical pregnancy rate, implantation rate, and early stage miscarriage rate were compared between the chromosomal polymorphisms groups and the control group.

Biomimetic Immunomagnetic Nanoparticles with Minimal Nonspecific Biomolecule Adsorption for Enhanced Isolation of Circulating Tumor Cells.

Immunomagnetic micro/nanoparticles (IMNs) have been widely used to isolate rare circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from blood samples for early diagnosis of cancers. However, when entering into biofluids, IMNs nonspecifically adsorb biomolecules and the in situ formed biomolecule corona covers IMN surface ligands and weakens the targeting capabilities of IMNs. In this work, we demonstrated that by surface coating of IMNs with red blood cell (RBC)-derived vesicles, the obtained biomimetic particles (RBC-IMNs) basically adsorb no biomolecules and maintain the CTC targeting ability when exposed to plasma.

Effects of HPV Pseudotype Virus in Cutting E6 Gene Selectively in SiHa Cells.

The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of the CRISPR/Cas9 system mediated by the HPV pseudotype virus on SiHa cytobiology behavior by cutting the HPV16 E6 gene selectively and to explore the role of this system in the treatment of cervical cancer. After designing specific gRNA sequences targeting HPV16 E6, generating hCas9-EGFP and E6-gRNA-RFP plasmids, and preparing the pseudovirus of HPV16 carrying E6-gRNA and Cas9 plasmids, we determined the titer of the pseudotype virus using the TCID50 method. We obtained the pseudotype virus of HPV16 carrying E6-gRNA and Cas9 plasmids to transfect cervical cancer SiHa cells.

Dysregulation of CD44v6 may lead to recurrent spontaneous abortion by inhibiting the proliferation and migration of trophoblast cells.

In the establishment and continuation of a successful pregnancy, the proliferation, migration, and invasion of trophoblast cells play essential roles. Impaired trophoblast function has been reported to be involved in recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) but the potential mechanisms are still unknown. CD44 variant domain 6 (CD44v6) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that has been known for decades to be expressed in the placenta.

TLR4 promotes the expression of HIF-1α by triggering reactive oxygen species in cervical cancer cells in vitro-implications for therapeutic intervention.

The present study investigated the mechanism underlying Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated stimulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) activity and its association with reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cervical cancer cells. SiHa cells were cultured and randomized to control, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD)+LPS, ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC)+LPS, ST2825+LPS and small interfering (si) RNA TLR4+LPS treatment groups. Cell proliferation was quantified using an MTT assay, cell cloning was performed using soft agar colony formation and HIF-1α expression was detected by immunocytochemical staining and western blot analyses.

Aberrant expressions of endometrial Id3 and CTLA-4 are associated with unexplained repeated implantation failure and recurrent miscarriage.

Inhibitor of DNA-binding protein 3 (Id3) is required for tumor angiogenesis and regulatory T-cell generation. However, the involvement of Id3 in unexplained repeated implantation failure (RIF) and recurrent miscarriage (RM) remains poorly understood. Immunohistochemistry was used to identify Id3, CD34, CTLA-4, and FOXP3 in the endometrium taken from the women with RIF (n=16), RM (n=16) and matched controls (n=8).