Association between single and multiple cardiometabolic diseases and all-cause mortality among Chinese older adults: A prospective, nationwide cohort study.

Background And Aim: Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) are leading causes of death and disability, but little is known about the additive mortality effects of multiple CMDs. This study aimed to examine the association between single and multiple CMDs and all-cause mortality among older Chinese population.

Methods And Results: Using the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) database, we analyzed data from 2008 to 2018 to assess the relationship between CMDs and mortality.

[Review on the effects of heavy metal accumulation in flowers on the mutual benefit relationship between plant and insect pollinators].

The global sharp decline of pollinators is one of the hot issues concerned by ecologists, mainly driven by global climate change, land use change, habitat fragmentation and harmful substances such as pesticides brought by industrial and agricultural production. In contrast, the potential impact of soil heavy metal pollution on pollinators is lack of in-depth evaluation. Heavy metals in soil would enter plant tissues, such as flowers, .

Network pharmacology-based prediction of the active ingredients and mechanism of Shen Gui capsule for application to coronary heart disease.

Background: Shen Gui capsule (SGC) is a new national drug in China that is widely used in clinical practice and has significant therapeutic effects on coronary heart disease (CHD). However, its active ingredients and mechanism of action for treating coronary heart disease remain unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to systematically explore the mechanism and efficacy of SGC in the "multicomponent-multitarget- multipathway" treatment for CHD using network pharmacology technology.

Structure-Dependent Antibacterial Activity of Amino Acid-Based Supramolecular Hydrogels.

Bacterial infections are currently a major concern to human health. Amino acid-based supramolecular polymer hydrogels, which boast intrinsic antibacterial activity, are an important solution due to their good biocompatibility, cost effectiveness, and tunable structural properties. Herein, we reported three types of transparent supramolecular hydrogel with intrinsic antibacterial activity from self-assembly of commercially available Fmoc-tryptophan (Fmoc-W), Fmoc-methionine (Fmoc-M), and Fmoc-tyrosine (Fmoc-Y).

Expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 in human non-small cell lung cancer and its role as a potential prognostic biomarker.

Background: Tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) promotes tumor cell proliferation, activates immunosuppressive cells, and supports immune escape. However, its role in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been reported.

Methods: Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to evaluate TNFR2 in three NSCLC cell lines (A549, H1299, H1975) and normal lung epithelial cells (BEAS-2B).

Synthesis of boronate-decorated polyethyleneimine-grafted porous layer open tubular capillaries for enrichment of polyphenols in fruit juices.

A combination between modification with porous layer and grafting of polyethyleneimine (PEI) on the inner face of capillary was for the first time developed for boronate affinity in-tube solid-phase microextraction (SPME) material to enhance the extraction capacity for cis-diol-containing polyphenols. The successful synthesis of boronate-decorated polyethyleneimine-grafted porous layer open tubular (BPPLOT) capillary was confirmed by scanning electron micrograph, Fourier transform-infrared spectra and absorption experiments. The porous layer, PEI and boronate affinity provided high specific surface area, more binding sites for boronate groups and specific selectivity of BPPLOT capillary, respectively.

Intestinal absorption of pallidifloside D are limited by P-glycoprotein in mice.

1. Pallidifloside D, a saponin glycoside constituent from the total saponins of Smilax riparia, had been proved to be very effective in hyperuricemic control. But it is poorly bioavailable after oral administration.

Hypouricemic effect of allopurinol are improved by Pallidifloside D based on the uric acid metabolism enzymes PRPS, HGPRT and PRPPAT.

Allopurinol is a commonly used medication to treat hyperuricemia and its complications. Pallidifloside D, a saponin glycoside constituent from the total saponins of Smilax riparia, had been proved to enhanced hypouricemic effect of allopurinol based on uric acid metabolism enzyme XOD. In this study, we evaluated whether Pallidifloside D (5mg/kg) enhanced hypouricemic effect of allopurinol (5mg/kg) related to others uric acid metabolism enzymes such as PRPS, HGPRT and PRPPAT.

Pallidifloside D from Smilax riparia enhanced allopurinol effects in hyperuricemia mice.

Pallidifloside D, a saponin glycoside constituent from the total saponins of Smilax riparia, had been proved to be effective in hyperuricemic control. Allopurinol is a commonly used medication to treat hyperuricemia and its complications. In this study, we evaluated whether Pallidifloside D could enhance allopurinol's effects by decreasing the serum uric acid level in a hyperuricemic mouse model induced by potassium oxonate.

Effects of CYP3A5 genotypes, ABCB1 C3435T and G2677T/A polymorphism on pharmacokinetics of Tacrolimus in Chinese adult liver transplant patients.

1. The purpose of this study was to establish a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model of tacrolimus and evaluate the influence of clinical covariates, including the genetic polymorphisms of the cytochrome P450 3A5 gene (CYP3A5) and gene-encoding P-glycoprotein (ABCB1), on the PK parameters in Chinese adult liver transplant recipients. 2.

Anti-hyperuricemia effects of allopurinol are improved by Smilax riparia, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The roots and rhizomes of Smilax riparia are called "Niu-Wei-Cai" in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). This botanical has been used in treating the symptoms of gout and other hyperuricemic-related conditions in TCM. Allopurinol is a commonly used medication to treat hyperuricemia and its complications.

Pallidifloside D, a saponin glycoside constituent from Smilax riparia, resist to hyperuricemia based on URAT1 and GLUT9 in hyperuricemic mice.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The roots and rhizomes of Smilax riparia (SR), called "Niu-Wei-Cai" in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), are believed to be effective in treating hyperuricemia and gout symptoms. This study was designed to isolate a saponin glycoside named pallidifloside D from the total saponins of Smilax riparia and to examine its effect in reducing serum uric acid levels in a hyperuricemic mouse model induced by potassium oxonate.

Materials And Methods: We examined the effects of pallidifloside D treated with 5, 10 and 20mg/kg on serum uric acid levels (SUA), Serum creatinine (SCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels in a hyperuricemic mouse.

Effects of Smilaxchinoside A and Smilaxchinoside C, two steroidal glycosides from Smilax riparia, on hyperuricemia in a mouse model.

The roots and rhizomes of Smilax riparia, called 'Niu-Wei-Cai' in traditional Chinese medicine, are believed to be effective in treating the symptoms of gout. However, the active constituents and their uricosuric mechanisms are unknown. In this study, we isolated two steroidal glycosides, named smilaxchinoside A and smilaxchinoside C, from the total saponins obtained from the ethanol extract of the roots of S.

Riparoside B and timosaponin J, two steroidal glycosides from Smilax riparia, resist to hyperuricemia based on URAT1 in hyperuricemic mice.

The roots and rhizomes of Smilax riparia (SR), called "Niu-Wei-Cai" in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), are believed to be effective in treating gout symptoms. However, it is not clear if the active constituents and uricosuric mechanisms of S. riparia support its therapeutic activities.

Smilax riparia reduces hyperuricemia in mice as a potential treatment of gout.

The roots and rhizomes of Smilax riparia, called "Niu-Wei-Cai" in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), are believed to be effective in treating gout symptoms. However, it is not clear if the uricosuric mechanisms of S. riparia support its therapeutic activities.

Two new dicopper(II) complexes with oxamido-bridged ligand: synthesis, crystal structures, DNA binding/cleavage and BSA binding activity.

New oxamido-bridged copper(II) complexes, [Cu(2)(oxbp)(H(2)O)(2)(NCS)(2)] (1) and [Cu(2)(oxbp)(μ-DMSO)(2)(NCS)(2)][Cu(2)(oxbp)(DMSO)(2)(NCS)(2)] (2) (H(2)oxbp=N,N'-bis(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)oxalamide), were synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, IR, and electronic spectra. X-ray analysis revealed that complex 1 consists of neutral binuclear [Cu(2)(oxbp)(H(2)O)(2)(NCS)(2)] units which forms a two-dimensional network through intermolecular hydrogen bonds and complex 2 is constructed by neutral [Cu(2)(oxbp)(μ-DMSO)(2)(NCS)(2)] (2a) and [Cu(2)(oxbp)(DMSO)(2)(NCS)(2)] (2b) entities which alternately distribute to form a two-dimensional network by means of quasi μ-DMSO bridge and intermolecular hydrogen bonds. In both 1 and 2, bicopper centers are linked by the "trans-form" oxamido bridges with the distances of 5.

Tau protein is involved in morphological plasticity in hippocampal neurons in response to BDNF.

Tau protein, a microtubule-associated protein involved in a number of neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), may undergo modifications under both physiological and pathological conditions. However, the signaling pathways that couple tau protein to neuronal physiology such as synaptic plasticity have not yet been elucidated. Here we report that tau protein is involved in morphological plasticity in response to brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).

Nickel exposure induces oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA in Neuro2a cells: the neuroprotective roles of melatonin.

Recent studies suggest that oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction play important roles in the neurotoxicity of nickel. Because mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is highly vulnerable to oxidative stress and melatonin can efficiently protect mtDNA against oxidative damage in various pathological conditions, the aims of this study were to determine whether mtDNA oxidative damage was involved in the neurotoxicity of nickel and to assay the neuroprotective effects of melatonin in mtDNA. In this study, we exposed mouse neuroblastoma cell lines (Neuro2a) to different concentrations of nickel chloride (NiCl(2), 0.

Acetylated anthraquinone glycosides from Cassia obtusifolia.

Three new acetylated anthraquinone glycosides (1-3) were isolated from the seed of Cassia obtusifolia, together with one parent anthraquinone glycoside (1a). Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic methods and physicochemical properties as obtusifoline-2-O-β-d-2, 6-di-O-acetylglucopyranoside (1), obtusifoline-2-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (1a), obtusifoline-2-O-β-d-3, 6-di-O-acetylglucopyranoside (2), and obtusifoline-2-O-β-d-4, 6-di-O-acetylglucopyranoside (3).

L-carnitine protects against nickel-induced neurotoxicity by maintaining mitochondrial function in Neuro-2a cells.

Mitochondrial dysfunction is thought to be a part of the mechanism underlying nickel-induced neurotoxicity. L-carnitine (LC), a quaternary ammonium compound biosynthesized from the amino acids lysine and methionine in all mammalian species, manifests its neuroprotective effects by improving mitochondrial energetics and function. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether LC could efficiently protect against nickel-induced neurotoxicity.

A new labdanic norditerpene from Pinus sylvestris.

A new labdanic norditerpene and six known labdanic diterpenes were isolated from the petroleum ether extract of the needles of Pinus sylvestris. By spectroscopic methods, the isolated compounds were determined as 15-norpinifolic acid (1), pinifolic acid (2), 4-eplimbricataloic acid (3), monomethyl pinifolate (4), 18α-acetoxylabd-8(17)-en-15-oic acid (5), 2-pentenoic acid (6) and 3β-hydroxy-8(17),E-13-labdadien-15-oic acid (7), respectively. Compound 1 showed significant anti-tumour activity.

Melatonin protects against Nickel-induced neurotoxicity in vitro by reducing oxidative stress and maintaining mitochondrial function.

Nickel is a potential neurotoxic pollutant. Oxidative stress is supposed to be involved in the mechanism underlying nickel-induced neurotoxicity. Melatonin has efficient protective effects against various oxidative damages in nervous system.