Increased TT-TG distance caused by excessive tibiofemoral rotation predicts poor clinical outcomes after tibial tubercle osteotomy in recurrent patellar dislocation.

Purpose: To compare clinical outcome between recurrent patellar dislocation (RPD) with or without actual tibial tubercle lateralisation (TTL) after medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (MPFL-R) combined with tibial tubercle transfer.

Methods: From 2015 to 2018, a total of 172 knees with RPD and a tibial tubercle-trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance of > 20 mm were treated with MPFL-R combined with tibial tubercle transfer. Patients were divided into the lateralisation group (TT-PCL > 24 mm, n = 74) and the nonlateralisation group (TT-PCL ≤ 24 mm, n = 60) based on the presence or absence of actual TTL (TT-PCL > 24 mm).

Clinical and Second-look Arthroscopic Results for Derotational Distal Femoral Osteotomy With Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction for Recurrent Patellar Dislocation With Increased Femoral Anteversion: A Series of 102 Cases With a Minimum Clinical Follow-up of 2 Years.

Background: Derotational distal femoral osteotomy (DDFO) has been used to treat patients with recurrent patellar dislocation (RPD) with increased femoral anteversion. However, no study has reported second-look arthroscopic findings in the patellofemoral joint after DDFO.

Purpose: To report clinical and second-look arthroscopic outcomes for DDFO with combined medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (MPFL-R) in treating RPD with increased femoral anteversion.

Predictors of Graft Failure After Primary Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction.

Background: The tibiofemoral rotation angle has been found to be higher in patients with recurrent patellar dislocations (RPDs) than in healthy people; however, little is known about the clinical significance of this finding.

Purpose: To determine whether an increased tibiofemoral rotation angle is associated with graft failure after primary medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (MPFL-R) and to investigate the role of the tibiofemoral rotation angle in predicting MPFL-R failure in patients with RPDs.

Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Antitumor activity of RUNX3: Upregulation of E-cadherin and downregulation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma.

RUNX3 is a transcription factor and tumor suppressor that is silenced or inactivated in diverse tumors. The effect of RUNX3 on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) remains unclear. We determined the expression of and E-cadherin in tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues of 30 CCRCC patients; established cultured CCRCC cells with the overexpression of ; and examined the tumorigenic function of in a nude mouse xenograft model of CCRCC.

The Increased Tibiofemoral Rotation: A Potential Contributing Factor for Patellar Maltracking in Patients with Recurrent Patellar Dislocation.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between tibiofemoral rotation and patellar maltracking in patients with recurrent patellar dislocation.

Methods: A total of 143 consecutive knees (118 patients) with clinically diagnosed recurrent patellar dislocation from January 2018 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Patellar tilt angle and bisect offset index were recorded on axial CT to assesses the severity of patellar maltracking.

Posterior tibial slope measurements based on the full-length tibial anatomic axis are significantly increased compared to those based on the half-length tibial anatomic axis.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the difference in posterior tibial slope (PTS) measurements based on the full-length and half-length tibial anatomic axes of the same group of patients. It was hypothesized that the obtained PTS values would be affected by the length of tibia chosen during the measurements.

Methods: Full-length true lateral tibia radiographs were obtained for each patient who underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) in our department.

Steep Posterior Tibial Slope and Excessive Anterior Tibial Translation Are Predictive Risk Factors of Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Failure: A Case-Control Study With Prospectively Collected Data.

Background: Steep posterior tibial slope (PTS) and excessive anterior tibial translation (ATT) have been identified as important anatomic risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, which have raised concerns about clinical outcomes after primary ACL reconstruction (ACLR).

Purpose: To investigate anatomic risk factors of primary ACLR failure and to determine the cutoff values of PTS and ATT for predicting primary ACLR failure.

Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Efficacy of anti-T-lymphocyte globulin-Fresenius as an induction agent in deceased-donor renal transplantation: A cohort study.

Anti-T-lymphocyte globulin (ATG) is frequently used in the induction regimen of renal transplantation, but its dose has not been standardized. In the present study, the efficacy of different ATG-Fresenius (ATG-F) doses was assessed in recipients of renal transplantation. A total of 131 adult recipients of renal transplantation who received ATG-F induction between August 2015 and July 2018 were included.

[Preoperative Lymphocyte-to-monocyte Ratio Predicts Prognosis in Patients with Stage T1 Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer].

Objective To investigate the clinical value of preoperative lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio(LMR)in evaluating the prognosis of patients with stage T1 non-muscle invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC).Methods A total of 215 patients with stage T1 NMIBC who underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumor were enrolled.Clinical data were collected.

Monocarboxylate transporter 1 and monocarboxylate transporter 4 in cancer-endothelial co-culturing microenvironments promote proliferation, migration, and invasion of renal cancer cells.

Background: The Warburg effect demonstrates the importance of glycolysis in the development of primary and metastatic cancers. We aimed to explore the role of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) and MCT4, two essential transporters of lactate, in renal cancer progression during cancer-endothelial cell co-culturing.

Methods: Renal cancer cells (786-O) and human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) were single-cultured or co-cultured in transwell membranes in the presence or absence of a MCT-1/MCT-4 specific blocker, 7ACC1.

Total Knee Arthroplasty Using a Medial Pivot or Posterior Cruciate-Stabilizing Prosthesis in Chinese Patients.

There is an unmet need for a prosthesis designed according to the anatomical parameters of the Chinese population. This study aims to compare the use of a medial pivot (MP) implant or posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) substitution (posterior-stabilized [PS]) prosthesis for unilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in a Chinese population. The medical records of patients undergoing unilateral TKA with an MP implant (Group A) or a PS prosthesis (Group B) at our institution between January 2010 and December 2011 were retrospectively reviewed.

Monocarboxylate transporters MCT1 and MCT4 are independent prognostic biomarkers for the survival of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma and those receiving therapy targeting angiogenesis.

Background: Prognostic biomarkers for patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), particularly those receiving therapy targeting angiogenesis, are not well established. In this study, we examined the correlations of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) and MCT4, 2 critical transporters for glycolytic metabolism, with various clinicopathological parameters as well as survival of patients with ccRCC and those treated with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) inhibitors.

Methods: A cohort of 150 ccRCC patients were recruited into this study.

Targeting of MCT1 and PFKFB3 influences cell proliferation and apoptosis in bladder cancer by altering the tumor microenvironment.

Phosphofructokinase-2/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) and monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) play important roles in tumor endothelial cells (ECs) and several biological processes. The present study was conducted to study the effects of PFKFB3 and MCT1 on cell proliferation and apoptosis in the tumor microenvironment by co-culture of HUVECs and T24, a bladder cancer (BC) cell line, using a microfluidic device. Immunofluorescence assay showed that HUVEC activity was significantly enhanced under co-culture with T24 cells, according to the stronger fluorescence intensity of CD31 and CD105 than that in the signal‑cultured cells.

The study of energy metabolism in bladder cancer cells in co-culture conditions using a microfluidic chip.

Objectives: This study aimed to systematically analyze changes in mitochondrial-related protein expression in bladder cancer cells and tumor-associated fibroblasts and to investigate the characteristics of bladder cancer cell energy metabolism.

Methods: In this study, we utilized the following techniques to achieve the objectives: (1) a co-culture system of bladder tumor cells and fibroblasts was built using a microfluidic chip as a three-dimensional culture system; (2) the concentration of lactic acid in the medium from the different groups was determined using an automatic micro-plate reader; (3) a qualitative analysis of mitochondria-related protein expression was performed by immunofluorescent staining; and (4) a quantitative analysis of mitochondrial-associated protein expression was conducted via Western blot. SPSS software was utilized to analyze the data.

A bladder cancer microenvironment simulation system based on a microfluidic co-culture model.

A tumor microenvironment may promote tumor metastasis and progression through the dynamic interplay between neoplastic cells and stromal cells. In this work, the most representative and significant stromal cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and macrophages were used as vital component elements and combined with bladder cancer cells to construct a bladder cancer microenvironment simulation system. This is the first report to explore bladder cancer microenvironments based on 4 types of cells co-cultured simultaneously.

Bladder Tumor Heterogeneity: The Impact on Clinical Treatment.

Bladder cancer relapse and treatment failure in most patients have often been attributed to chemoresistance in tumor cells and metastasis. Emerging evidence indicates that tumor heterogeneity may play an equally important role and extends to virtually all measurable properties of cancer cells. Although the idea of tumor heterogeneity is not new, little attention has been paid to applying it to understand and control bladder cancer progression.

Warburg effect or reverse Warburg effect? A review of cancer metabolism.

Cancer is a major threat to human health. A considerable amount of research has focused on elucidating the nature of cancer from its pathogenesis to treatment and prevention. Tumor cell metabolism has been considered a hallmark of cancer.

Heterogeneity research in muscle-invasive bladder cancer based on differential protein expression analysis.

The aim of this study was to study the expression profiles of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) cells of different risk groups and to explore the crucial role of biological pathway change in heterogeneity of MIBC cells. Thirty individual samples (cancer and non-cancerous specimens) were obtained from patients with MIBC. Laser capture microdissection was employed to harvest the homogeneous MIBC cells and normal urothelial cells.

Far from resolved: stromal cell-based iTRAQ research of muscle-invasive bladder cancer regarding heterogeneity.

The aim of the present study was to globally characterize the cancer stroma expression profile of muscle-invasive bladder cancer in different metastatic risk groups and to discuss the decisive role of biological pathway change in cancer heterogeneity. Laser capture microdissection was employed to harvest purified muscle-invasive bladder cancer stromal cells derived from 30 clinical samples deriving from 3 different metastatic risk groups. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) and two-dimensional liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (2D LC-MS/MS) were used to identify the differentially expressed proteins.

Effect of TLR4 and B7-H1 on immune escape of urothelial bladder cancer and its clinical significance.

Background/aim: Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and B7-H1, both normally expressed restricted to immune cells, are found to be aberrantly expressed in a majority of human tumors and may play important roles in regulation of tumor immunity. It has been shown that urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) patients can manifest tumoral immune escape which may be a potential critical factor in tumor pathogenesis and progression. However, so far, the mechanisms of UBC-related immune escape have not been clarified.

Cancer stroma proteome expression profile of superficial bladder transitional cell carcinoma and biomarker discovery.

Purpose: To globally characterize the stroma expression profile of superficial bladder transitional cell carcinoma and to discuss the cancer biology as well as biomarker discovery from stromal cells.

Methods: Laser capture microdissection was used to harvest purified bladder cancer stromal cells and normal stromal cells from 4 paired samples. Next, two-dimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify the proteome expression profile.

Proteomics research on muscle-invasive bladder transitional cell carcinoma.

Background: Aimed to facilitate candidate biomarkers selection and improve network-based multi-target therapy, we perform comparative proteomics research on muscle-invasive bladder transitional cell carcinoma. Laser capture microdissection was used to harvest purified muscle-invasive bladder cancer cells and normal urothelial cells from 4 paired samples. Two-dimensional liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify the proteome expression profile.