Therapeutic potential of natural coumarins in autoimmune diseases with underlying mechanisms.

Autoimmune diseases encompass a wide range of disorders characterized by disturbed immunoregulation leading to the development of specific autoantibodies, which cause inflammation and multiple organ involvement. However, its pathogenesis remains unelucidated. Furthermore, the cumulative medical and economic burden of autoimmune diseases is on the rise, making these diseases a ubiquitous global phenomenon that is predicted to further increase in the coming decades.

A rare case of acute meningitis caused by Moraxella osloensis.

Meningitis caused by Moraxella osloensis is rare and easily misdiagnosed clinically. Here, we report the first case of meningitis caused by M. osloensis in China by taking advantage of the metagenomic next-generation sequencing technology in cerebrospinal fluid for pathogen screening.

U-shaped association between serum Klotho and accelerated aging among the middle-aged and elderly US population: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Phenotypic age acceleration, which reflects the difference between phenotypic age and chronological age, is an assessment to measure accelerated aging. Klotho is a protein related to slower aging, but its association with accelerated aging remains unclear.

Methods: Based on data from the 2007-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, phenotypic age was calculated using chronological age and 9 aging-related biomarkers.

Epstein-Barr virus: To be a trigger of autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy?

Background: Autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) astrocytopathy is a novel autoimmune disease of central nervous system (CNS). It is unclear whether Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is related to autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy.

Objective: To describe the clinical, laboratory, and imaging characteristics of patients with autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy.

Association and mediating mechanism between remnant cholesterol and first-ever stroke among the Chinese general population.

Background: Remnant cholesterol (RC) has been suggested to be implicated in atherosclerosis. The objective of the study was to evaluate the association between RC and first-ever stroke in the Chinese general population and to investigate whether the association is mediated hypertension or diabetes.

Methods: This study is a retrospective cohort analysis of participants from the China Health and Nutrition Survey.

Enhancing ethylene glycol and ferric chloride pretreatment of rice straw by low-pressure carbon dioxide to improve enzymatic saccharification.

Ethylene glycol and ferric chloride pretreatment assisted by low-pressure carbon dioxide (1 MPa CO) realized the targeted deconstruction of lignocelluloses at 170 °C for 5 min, achieving 98 % cellulose recovery with removal of 92 % lignin and 90 % hemicellulose. After the pretreatment, the formation of stable platform mono-phenol components would be with the destruction of the lignin-carbohydrate complexes structure, and the surface of rice straw became rough, with a less negative charge and higher specific surface area, while the enzyme adsorption rate increased by 8.1 times.

The role of Gadd45b in neurologic and neuropsychiatric disorders: An overview.

Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible beta (Gadd45b) is directly intertwined with stress-induced DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, survival, and apoptosis. Previous research on Gadd45b has focused chiefly on non-neuronal cells. Gadd45b is extensively expressed in the nervous system and plays a critical role in epigenetic DNA demethylation, neuroplasticity, and neuroprotection, according to accumulating evidence.

Saikosaponin A improved depression-like behavior and inhibited hippocampal neuronal apoptosis after cerebral ischemia through p-CREB/BDNF pathway.

Post-stroke depression(PSD) is a common complication and associates with poor physical recovery, low quality of life and high mortality after cerebral infarction. However, the pathogenesis of PSD have not been elucidated thoroughly now, and there is a lack of effective therapy in clinic. It reported that Saikosaponin A, one of the main constituents from Chinese herb Bupleurum chinense, has pharmacological activity in anti-depression.

The complete mitochondrial genome of a microalgae strain XJCH-01 from Tarim Basin of Xinjiang, China.

is a microalga isolated from the Tarim Basin of Xinjiang, China. The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of strain XJCH-01 was determined in this study (Accession number MT015649). The mitogenome (22,887 bp, 34.

Correction to: Exosomes derived from atorvastatin-modified bone marrow dendritic cells ameliorate experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis by up-regulated levels of IDO/Treg and partly dependent on FasL/Fas pathway.

After the publication of the original article [1], it came to the authors' attention that there was an error in the originally published version of Fig. 5b. The image of CD4CD25 T cells of the statin-Dex group was unintentionally replaced with the image of CD4CD25 T cells from the control group.

Antidepressant-like effects of paeoniflorin on post-stroke depression in a rat model.

Background: Post-stroke depression (PSD) is one of the most prevalent emotional disorders after stroke and often results in poor outcomes. However, the underlying physiopathologic mechanism and effective treatment of PSD remain poorly elucidated.

Objective: To investigate whether paeoniflorin has antidepressant-like activity in a rat model of PSD.

Fastigial nucleus electrostimulation promotes axonal regeneration after experimental stroke via cAMP/PKA pathway.

Axon regeneration after cerebral ischemia in mammals is inadequate to restore function, illustrating the need to design better strategies for improving outcomes. Improvement of axon regeneration has been achieved through fastigial nucleus electrostimulation (FNS) in animal researches. However, the mechanisms underlying this neuroprotection remain poorly understood.

Therapeutic potential of artesunate in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis by upregulated T regulatory cells and regulation of Th1/Th2 cytokines.

Artesunate is a semi-synthetic derivative of a Chinese herb named Artemisia annua L. that is commonly used as an antimalarial agent in the history of traditional Chinese medicine. Many studies have reported artesunate possesses anti-inflammatory and immunoregulation properties.

Caspase-1 inhibitor regulates humoral responses in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis via IL-6- dependent inhibiton of STAT3.

We have previously demonstrated that Cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-1 (caspase-1) inhibitor ameliorates experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) by inhibited cellular immune response, via suppressing DC IL-1 β, CD4 T and γdT cells IL-17 pathways. In this study, we investigated the effect of caspase-1 inhibitor on humoral immune response of EAMG and further explore the underlying mechanisms. An animal model of MG was induced by region 97-116 of the rat AChR α subunit (R97-116 peptide) in Lewis rats.

Astilbin ameliorates experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis by decreased Th17 cytokines and up-regulated T regulatory cells.

Astilbin, a major bioactive compound extracted from Rhizoma smilacis glabrae (RSG), has been reported to possess immunosuppressive properties. Our study first evaluated the effect of astilbin on experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) in Lewis rats. The results showed that astilbin could attenuate the severity of EAMG by decreasing antigen-specific autoantibodies with up-regulation of regulatory T cells and down-regulation of Th17 cells.

Ginsenoside Rb1: The new treatment measure of myasthenia gravis.

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune neuromuscular disease characterized by fatigue and muscle weakness. Ginseng is used in the treatment of MG. Ginsenoside Rb1 (G-Rb1), the most abundant ginsenoside in ginseng root, has been proved to be immune regulatory in various diseases.

Engineered Zymomonas mobilis for salt tolerance using EZ-Tn5-based transposon insertion mutagenesis system.

Background: The cell growth and ethanol yield of Zymomonas mobilis may be detrimentally affected by salt stress frequently present in some biomass-based fermentation systems, leading to a decrease in the rate of sugar conversion to ethanol or other bioproducts. To address this problem, improving the salt tolerance of Z. mobilis is a desirable way.

ROCK inhibitor abolishes the antibody response in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis.

The Rho/Rho kinase (ROCK) pathway serves as molecular switches in many biological processes including the immune response. ROCK inhibitors lead to amelioration of some autoimmune diseases. The present study was designed to define whether a selective ROCK inhibitor, fasudil, was effective in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) and investigate the underlying mechanisms.

Prognostic implications of resection extent for patients with glioblastoma multiforme: a meta-analysis.

Introduction: Surgery is the primary treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), and a greater extent of resection (EOR) has been shown to be associated with improved survival. Our objective was to perform a meta-analysis comparing the 1-year overall survival (OS) and 1-year progression-free survival (PFS) of GBM patients who receive total resection, incomplete resection, or biopsy only.

Evidence Acquisition: PubMed and the Cochrane databases were searched until May 19th, 2015 using the terms "glioblastoma/glioblastoma multiforme," "extent of resection," "surgery prognosis/prognostic," "survival rate.

Complete genome sequence of strain Lentibacillus amyloliquefaciens LAM0015(T) isolated from saline sediment.

The type strain Lentibacillus amyloliquefaciens LAM0015(T) with considerably highly NaCl tolerance is a member of halophiles. Here we report its genome sequence, the first to publish complete genome sequence of the Lentibacillus genus. It contains 3,858,520bp with an average GC content of 42.

Exosomes derived from atorvastatin-modified bone marrow dendritic cells ameliorate experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis by up-regulated levels of IDO/Treg and partly dependent on FasL/Fas pathway.

Background: Previously, we have demonstrated that spleen-derived dendritic cells (DCs) modified with atorvastatin suppressed immune responses of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG). However, the effects of exosomes derived from atorvastatin-modified bone marrow DCs (BMDCs) (statin-Dex) on EAMG are still unknown.

Methods: Immunophenotypical characterization of exosomes from atorvastatin- and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)-modified BMDCs was performed by electron microscopy, flow cytometry, and western blotting.