Intracellular calcium (Ca ) is vital for signal transduction in many cellular events. Several Ca -binding proteins mediate the transduction of intracellular calcium signals. The EF-hand motifs containing neuronal calcium sensor (NCS) proteins are mainly expressed in the nervous system, where they have important roles in the regulation of a variety of neuronal functions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) are important components in the integument of insects and are required for development and survival. Insect-specific CYP4G subfamily, of the P450 enzymes, catalyze the oxidative decarbonylation step in the biosynthesis of CHCs. Here, we characterized CYP380C10 gene function in a Hemiptera rice pest, Nilaparvata lugens.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) is an essential enzyme that transfers electrons from NADPH to cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. CPR is involved in cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) synthesis in insects and is vital for insect development and survival. Here, we clarify the physiological function of a gene in , an important rice pest, by using RNA interference.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe 26S proteasome is the major engine of protein degradation in all eukaryotic cells. Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) regulatory subunits (Rpts) are constituents of the proteasome that are involved in the unfolding and translocation of substrate proteins into the core particle. In this study, by using the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens as a model insect, we report the biological importance of Rpts in female reproduction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD-2)-related lipid-recognition protein is involved in immune responses through recognizing bacteria lipopolysaccharide in mammals, arthropods and plants. However, the physiological roles of MD-2 in other biological processes are largely unknown. Here, we identified three homologue MD-2 genes (, and ) by searching the genome and transcriptome databases of the brown planthopper , a hemipteran insect species.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNon-ATPase regulatory subunits (Rpns) are components of the 26S proteasome involved in polyubiquitinated substrate recognition and deubiquitination in eukaryotes. Here, we identified 15 homologues sequences of and associated genes by searching the genome and transcriptome databases of the brown planthopper, , a hemipteran rice pest. Temporospatial analysis showed that genes were significantly highly expressed in eggs and ovaries but were less-highly expressed in males.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe brown planthopper is a typical monophagous insect herbivore that feeds exclusively on rice sap. This insect pest causes serious damage to rice crops throughout East Asian countries. Chemical control remains the first choice for managing populations; however, the use of insecticides has given rise to planthopper resurgence and additional environmental risks.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEcdysteroids, insect steroid hormones, play key roles in regulating insect development and reproduction. Hemipteran insects require ecdysteroids for egg production; however, ecdysteroid synthesis (ecdysteroidogenesis) details have not been elucidated. We identified all known genes encoding ecdysteroidogenic enzymes in Nilaparvata lugens and clarified their necessity during nymphal and ovarian development.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInsect Biochem Mol Biol
October 2019
In this study, two novel antibacterial peptide genes, termed lugensin A and B were identified and characterized from a rice sap-sucking hemipteran insect pest, the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens. Lugensin gene expression was significantly induced by Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial stains under the regulation of a signal receptor, the long peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP-LC) in the IMD pathway. Knockdown of PGRP-LC by RNAi eliminated bacterium induced Lugensin gene expression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnlabelled: The planthoppers are piercing-sucking pests that continuously inject saliva into host plants using specialized stylets. However, knowledge on the constituent and function of planthopper saliva proteins was still limited. In this study, the transcriptomic and proteomic approach were adopted to characterize the composition of salivary glands and their secreted saliva in three planthoppers, respectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe rice brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, can rapidly adapt to new resistant rice varieties within several generations, rendering its management burdensome. However, the molecular mechanism underlying its adaptability remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the potential role of mucin-like protein (NlMul) in N.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRice ragged stunt virus (RRSV; Reoviridae) is exclusively transmitted by the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens in a persistent-propagative manner. It is understood that RNA viral proliferation is associated with the intracellular membranes of the insect host cells. However, the molecular mechanisms of the interaction between the RRSV proliferation and the intracellular membranes remain essentially unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMost phloem-feeding insects secrete gelling and watery saliva during the feeding process. However, the functions of salivary proteins are poorly understood. In this study, our purpose was to reveal the components and functions of saliva in a rice sap-sucking insect pest, Nilaparvata lugens.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInsect Biochem Mol Biol
November 2015
Salivary secretions, including gel saliva and watery saliva, play crucial roles in the interaction between the insect and plant during feeding. In this study, we identified a salivary gland-specific gene encoding a salivary sheath protein (NlShp) in Nilaparvata lugens. NlShp has two alternative splicing variants; both are expressed at high levels during the nymph and adult stages.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMost plant viruses that seriously damage agricultural crops are transmitted by insects. However, the mechanisms enabling virus transmission by insect vectors are poorly understood. The brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) is one of the most serious rice pests, causing extensive damage to rice plants by sucking the phloem sap and transmitting viruses, including Rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWing polyphenism is an evolutionarily successful feature found in a wide range of insects. Long-winged morphs can fly, which allows them to escape adverse habitats and track changing resources, whereas short-winged morphs are flightless, but usually possess higher fecundity than the winged morphs. Studies on aphids, crickets and planthoppers have revealed that alternative wing morphs develop in response to various environmental cues, and that the response to these cues may be mediated by developmental hormones, although research in this area has yielded equivocal and conflicting results about exactly which hormones are involved.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, the most destructive pest of rice, is a typical monophagous herbivore that feeds exclusively on rice sap, which migrates over long distances. Outbreaks of it have re-occurred approximately every three years in Asia. It has also been used as a model system for ecological studies and for developing effective pest management.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) is one of the most serious rice plant pests in Asia. N. lugens causes extensive rice damage by sucking rice phloem sap, which results in stunted plant growth and the transmission of plant viruses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn this study we aimed to identify the protein-protein interactions between Bombyx mori midgut and the bidensovirus BmDNV-Z via a yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) system. To achieve this we constructed a Gal4 activation domain fusion library that expresses the host genes and Gal4 DNA binding domain fusion bait vectors that express BmDNV-Z genes. Y2H assay revealed 15 potential interactions between host and viral proteins.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChitin synthase (CHS) is an enzyme that is required for chitin formation in insect cuticles and other tissues. In this study, CHS genes from two destructive rice insect pests, the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens and the small brown planthopper Laodelphax striatellus, were cloned. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these genes belonged to class CHS1 of the CHS gene family.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlthough microarray and expressed sequence tag (EST)-based approaches have been used to profile gene expression during baculovirus infection, the response of host genes to baculovirus infection and the interaction between baculovirus and its host remain largely unknown. To determine the host response to Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus infection and the dynamic interaction between the virus and its host, eight digital gene expression libraries were examined in a Bm5 cell line before infection and at 1.5, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 96 h postinfection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF