Estradiol-induced inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress normalizes splenic CD4 + T lymphocytes following hemorrhagic shock.

The aim is to investigate that 17β-estradiol (E2)/estrogen receptors (ERs) activation normalizes splenic CD4 + T lymphocytes proliferation and cytokine production through inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) following hemorrhage. The results showed that hemorrhagic shock (hemorrhage through femoral artery, 38-42 mmHg for 90 min followed by resuscitation of 30 min and subsequent observation period of 180 min) decreased the CD4 T lymphocytes proliferation and cytokine production after isolation and incubation with Concanavalin A (5 μg/mL) for 48 h, induced the splenic injury with evidences of missed contours of the white pulp, irregular cellular structure, and typical inflammatory cell infiltration, upregulated the expressions of ERS biomarkers 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6). Either E2, ER-α agonist propyl pyrazole triol (PPT) or ERS inhibitor 4-Phenylbutyric acid administration normalized these parameters, while ER-β agonist diarylpropionitrile administration had no effect.

Transcriptome Analysis Revealed Inflammation Is Involved in the Impairment of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells Induced by Post-hemorrhagic Shock Mesenteric Lymph.

Vascular endothelial injury caused by post-hemorrhagic shock mesenteric lymph (PHSML) return is an important manifestation during refractory hemorrhagic shock. Using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and transcriptome analysis, this study sought to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the adverse effect of PHSML on vascular endothelium. Post-hemorrhagic shock mesenteric lymph was collected from male rats after they underwent hemorrhagic shock and following resuscitation, while normal mesenteric lymph (NML) was harvested from sham rats.

[Constructing ecological security patterns in mountain areas based on geological disaster sensitivity: A case study in Yuxi City, Yunnan Province, China.].

As one of the key topics in the research of landscape ecology, regional ecological security patterns can effectively promote regional sustainable development and terrestrial ecological barriers construction. It is extremely important for middle Yunnan, with frequent disasters and fragile ecolo-gical environment, to construct ecological security patterns so as to effectively avoid the geological disasters, maintain ecosystem health, and promote the coordinated development of regional ecological system and social economic system. Taking Yuxi City as a case study area, this study firstly estimated the ecosystem services importance of water conservation, carbon fixation and oxygen release, soil conservation, and biodiversity according to the basal characteristics of regional ecological environment, and then identified ecological sources in consideration of the quality of integrated ecosystem services and single types.

[Delimitation of urban growth boundary based on ecological suitability and risk control: A case of Taibai Lake New District in Jining City, Shandong, China.].

Urban growth boundary, with full consideration of regional ecological constraints, can effectively control the unordered urban sprawl. Thus, urban growth boundary is a significant planning concept integrating regional ecological protection and urban construction. Finding the preferential position for urban construction, as well as controlling the ecological risk, has always been the core content of urban growth boundary delimitation.

[Landscape pattern changes at village scale using high resolution satellite images: A case study in low-slope hilly area of Dali City, Northwestern Yunnan Province].

Human activity is the main driving force of the change of land cover and landscape patterns. However, there are few studies focusing on the mechanism of human-induced change of land cover and landscape patterns at village scale. In this study, taking low-slope hilly area of Dali City, Northwestern Yunnan Province as a case study area, high resolution satellite images were introduced to find out the rules of land cover and landscape pattern changes, i.

[Temporal characteristics of ecological risk assessment indicators in coal-mining city with the application of LVQ method].

Because the ability of selected indicators in assessing ecological risk at different temporal scales is not the same, it is necessary to clear the definite comparability of such indicators at temporal scale to explore a new method for dynamic assessing the ecological risk. In this case, five mining cities in Liaoning Province were selected as the study area, with the application of learning vector quantization (LVQ) neural network, the significance of the indicators for the ecological risk assessment was quantitatively analyzed to clarify their characteristics at temporal scale. The expression with two-dimension (long-term and short-term) of temporal scale was put forward as a new method to assess the ecological risk for mining cities.